Dandandan commented on issue #7149:
URL: 
https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/issues/7149#issuecomment-1660450287

   > > why bother with materializing the record batches from the [input 
stream](https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/main/datafusion/core/src/physical_plan/sorts/sort.rs#L611)
 and potentially spilling them to the disk at this point, only for them to be 
[streamed 
back](https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/blob/main/datafusion/core/src/physical_plan/sorts/sort.rs#L174-L193)
 into streaming_merge function again?
   > 
   > Oh, to answer my own question it's because `streaming_merge` assumes the 
input is sorted, and to do that we need to materialize the original stream, 
which also involves disk spill over, got it.
   > 
   > One partial improvement would be something like concatenating and sorting 
the incoming batches into a single batch inside `insert_batch`, and then 
optionally spilling that over to disk; still, this results in a trade-off 
between time and memory efficiency of such cases, since it would require 
sorting of each intermediate batch (albeit partially sorted already).
   > 
   > I guess the real solution would be something like an external top-k 
algorithm which would work on the original input stream and use a min/max heap 
with spillover in case `fetch` is some value (actually it was my impression 
this was already implemented). Not sure how viable is that though.
   
   Yes it only concatenates them once the limit has been (almost) reached, but 
avoids spilling the data.
   
   Potentially this could be done at an earlier stage (say after processing 
1/10 of the memory limit) to keep memory usage down during processing (while 
also avoiding too much overhead in terms of copying).
   
   As well there is indeed no real TopK implementation yet, so as @alamb 
suggests a `SortExec(fetch=1)` could also be faster / more efficient with a 
real TopK (min/max heap) implementation. 


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