Light-City opened a new pull request, #37171:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/37171

   ### Rationale for this change
   
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    Why are you proposing this change? If this is already explained clearly in 
the issue then this section is not needed.
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   We have a scene. There is a plan in pg that looks like the following. For 
the Append node, there are two scans in parallel, and then there is a column of 
data, but the column names are different. If it is mapped to the arrow schema 
It is a different field. For the append node, we will get two batches. The 
first batch comes from the first scan, and the second batch comes from the 
second scan, but because the two columns are constructed based on the scan The 
schema is different, so the final schema of the two batches is different. When 
we construct the slot returned by the Append node, we use the schema of the 
first batch. When we put the data of the second batch into it, the verification 
fails due to inconsistent shcema.
   
   Therefore, the problem is simplified to: For a node, If there are n child 
nodes, the schema of the following child nodes must be consistent. If not, the 
schema of n-1 child nodes must be the same as the first schema, so there is 
logic to rewrite the schema of the batch data.
   
   ```
   -> Vec Append
               -> Vec Seq Scan on public. tenk1
                     Output: tenk1.unique1
               -> Vec Seq Scan on public.tenk1 tenk1_1
                     Output: tenk1_1.fivethous
   ```
   However, when reading the batch code, there is only the read-only interface 
schema(), so here we submit a pr to add and rewrite the schema interface, and 
only modify the columns with the same type. If they are not the same, an 
invalid modification will be returned.
   
   
   backgroud: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/37170
   
   ### What changes are included in this PR?
   
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   There is no need to duplicate the description in the issue here but it is 
sometimes worth providing a summary of the individual changes in this PR.
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   - record_batch.h
   - record_batch.cc
   - record_batch_test.cc
   
   ### Are these changes tested?
   
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   1. Prevent the code from being accidentally broken by subsequent changes
   2. Serve as another way to document the expected behavior of the code
   
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   yes, see record_batch_test.cc.
   
   gtest filter is:
   ```
   TestRecordBatch.RewriteSchema
   ```
   
   ### Are there any user-facing changes?
   
   yes: see background in issue.


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