felipecrv commented on issue #40301:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/40301#issuecomment-1973186955

   I’ve taken a look at the code.
   
   `OptionalParallelFor` is used when `PandasOptions::use_threads` is set. 
Internally, it uses the default CPU thread pool which can allocate CPU-count 
threads at a time. That’s why it allocates CPU-count threads as @anjakefala 
described.
   
   My first solution/idea: add another option to `PandasOptions` — `int 
threads`. Then if that’s different than 0, create a different `ThreadPool` with 
that as capacity when calling the parallel-for.
   
   Easy, but it’s an extra option that users have to remember to set.
   
   ### Alternative
   
   Add more parameters to parallel-for(columns) that modify the loop that 
submits tasks to the thread-pool:
   
   Start with a low minimum number of submitted tasks (eg 2. each column is a 
task). After that, tasks are added with a small delay (microseconds) as to give 
the chance of the initially submitted tasks to finish (because cols are small) 
and make these initially used threads to be re-used.
   
   This might require internal `ThreadPool` changes to avoid waits that 
wouldn’t lead to a global reduction in time taken to convert all columns.


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