pitrou commented on a change in pull request #9582:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/9582#discussion_r584709632



##########
File path: cpp/src/parquet/statistics.cc
##########
@@ -133,56 +136,95 @@ struct CompareHelper<Int96Type, is_signed> {
   static T Max(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
     return Compare(0, a, b) ? b : a;
   }
-};  // namespace parquet
-
-template <typename DType, bool is_signed>
-struct ByteLikeCompareHelperBase {
-  using T = ByteArrayType::c_type;
-  using PtrType = typename std::conditional<is_signed, int8_t, uint8_t>::type;
+};
 
-  static T DefaultMin() { return {}; }
-  static T DefaultMax() { return {}; }
-  static T Coalesce(T val, T fallback) { return val; }
+template <typename T, bool is_signed>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer {};
 
-  static inline bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    const auto* aptr = reinterpret_cast<const PtrType*>(a.ptr);
-    const auto* bptr = reinterpret_cast<const PtrType*>(b.ptr);
-    return std::lexicographical_compare(aptr, aptr + a.len, bptr, bptr + 
b.len);
+template <typename T>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer<T, /*is_signed=*/false> {
+  static bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
+    int a_length = value_length(type_length, a);
+    int b_length = value_length(type_length, b);
+    // Unsigned comparison is used for non-numeric types so straight
+    // lexiographic comparison makes sense. (a.ptr is always unsigned)....
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(a.ptr, a.ptr + a_length, b.ptr, b.ptr 
+ b_length);
   }
+};
 
-  static T Min(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    if (a.ptr == nullptr) return b;
-    if (b.ptr == nullptr) return a;
-    return Compare(type_length, a, b) ? a : b;
-  }
+template <typename T>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer<T, /*is_signed=*/true> {
+  static bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
+    // Is signed is used for integers encoded as big-endian twos
+    // complement integers. (e.g. decimals).
+    int a_length = value_length(type_length, a);
+    int b_length = value_length(type_length, b);
+
+    // At least of the lengths is zero.
+    if (a_length == 0 || b_length == 0) {
+      return a_length == 0 && b_length > 0;
+    }
 
-  static T Max(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    if (a.ptr == nullptr) return b;
-    if (b.ptr == nullptr) return a;
-    return Compare(type_length, a, b) ? b : a;
+    int8_t first_a = *a.ptr;
+    int8_t first_b = *b.ptr;
+    // We can short circuit for different signed numbers or
+    // for equal length bytes arrays that have different first bytes.
+    if ((0x80 & first_a) != (0x80 & first_b) ||
+        (a_length == b_length && first_a != first_b)) {
+      return first_a < first_b;
+    }
+    // When the lengths are unequal and the numbers are of the same
+    // sign we need to extend the digits.

Review comment:
       I'm not sure why all this is needed. The first bytes are equal. 
Regardless of the sign, wouldn't it be sufficient to write e.g.:
   ```c++
     return std::lexicographical_compare(a.ptr + 1, a.ptr + a_length, b.ptr + 
1, b.ptr + b_length);
   ```
   i.e. only the MSB in a two's complement integer needs special handling, the 
other bytes are ordered naturally.
   

##########
File path: cpp/src/parquet/statistics.cc
##########
@@ -133,56 +136,95 @@ struct CompareHelper<Int96Type, is_signed> {
   static T Max(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
     return Compare(0, a, b) ? b : a;
   }
-};  // namespace parquet
-
-template <typename DType, bool is_signed>
-struct ByteLikeCompareHelperBase {
-  using T = ByteArrayType::c_type;
-  using PtrType = typename std::conditional<is_signed, int8_t, uint8_t>::type;
+};
 
-  static T DefaultMin() { return {}; }
-  static T DefaultMax() { return {}; }
-  static T Coalesce(T val, T fallback) { return val; }
+template <typename T, bool is_signed>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer {};
 
-  static inline bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    const auto* aptr = reinterpret_cast<const PtrType*>(a.ptr);
-    const auto* bptr = reinterpret_cast<const PtrType*>(b.ptr);
-    return std::lexicographical_compare(aptr, aptr + a.len, bptr, bptr + 
b.len);
+template <typename T>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer<T, /*is_signed=*/false> {
+  static bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
+    int a_length = value_length(type_length, a);
+    int b_length = value_length(type_length, b);
+    // Unsigned comparison is used for non-numeric types so straight
+    // lexiographic comparison makes sense. (a.ptr is always unsigned)....
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(a.ptr, a.ptr + a_length, b.ptr, b.ptr 
+ b_length);
   }
+};
 
-  static T Min(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    if (a.ptr == nullptr) return b;
-    if (b.ptr == nullptr) return a;
-    return Compare(type_length, a, b) ? a : b;
-  }
+template <typename T>
+struct BinaryLikeComparer<T, /*is_signed=*/true> {
+  static bool Compare(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
+    // Is signed is used for integers encoded as big-endian twos
+    // complement integers. (e.g. decimals).
+    int a_length = value_length(type_length, a);
+    int b_length = value_length(type_length, b);
+
+    // At least of the lengths is zero.
+    if (a_length == 0 || b_length == 0) {
+      return a_length == 0 && b_length > 0;
+    }
 
-  static T Max(int type_length, const T& a, const T& b) {
-    if (a.ptr == nullptr) return b;
-    if (b.ptr == nullptr) return a;
-    return Compare(type_length, a, b) ? b : a;
+    int8_t first_a = *a.ptr;
+    int8_t first_b = *b.ptr;
+    // We can short circuit for different signed numbers or
+    // for equal length bytes arrays that have different first bytes.
+    if ((0x80 & first_a) != (0x80 & first_b) ||
+        (a_length == b_length && first_a != first_b)) {
+      return first_a < first_b;
+    }

Review comment:
       Why can't use always short-circuit if the first bytes are unequal? 
Intuitively:
   ```c++
   if (first_a != first_b) {
     return (first_a ^ 0x80) < (first_b ^ 0x80);
   }
   ```
   

##########
File path: cpp/src/parquet/statistics_test.cc
##########
@@ -111,21 +117,28 @@ TEST(Comparison, UnsignedByteArray) {
 }
 
 TEST(Comparison, SignedFLBA) {
-  int size = 10;
+  int size = 4;
   auto comparator =
       MakeComparator<FLBAType>(Type::FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY, SortOrder::SIGNED, 
size);
 
-  std::string s1 = "Anti123456";
-  std::string s2 = "Bunkd123456";
-  FLBA s1flba = FLBAFromString(s1);
-  FLBA s2flba = FLBAFromString(s2);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(comparator->Compare(s1flba, s2flba));
+  std::vector<uint8_t> byte_values[] = {
+      {0x80, 0, 0, 0},          {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01, 0},    {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80, 
0},
+      {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80}, {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, {0, 0, 0x01, 0x01},
+      {0, 0x01, 0x01, 0},       {0x01, 0x01, 0, 0}};
+  std::vector<FLBA> values_to_compare;
+  for (auto& bytes : byte_values) {
+    values_to_compare.emplace_back(FLBA(bytes.data()));
+  }
 
-  s1 = "Bünk123456";
-  s2 = "Bunk123456";
-  s1flba = FLBAFromString(s1);
-  s2flba = FLBAFromString(s2);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(comparator->Compare(s1flba, s2flba));
+  for (size_t x = 0; x < values_to_compare.size(); x++) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(comparator->Compare(values_to_compare[x], 
values_to_compare[x])) << x;
+    for (size_t y = x + 1; y < values_to_compare.size(); y++) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(comparator->Compare(values_to_compare[x], 
values_to_compare[y]))
+          << x << " " << y;
+      EXPECT_FALSE(comparator->Compare(values_to_compare[y], 
values_to_compare[x]))
+          << y << " " << x;
+    }
+  }

Review comment:
       Do these tests cover the decimal case?




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