jorisvandenbossche commented on issue #43626:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/43626#issuecomment-2286493827

   The `Schema` object is very much tied to actual data (i.e. a RecordBatch or 
Table having a schema), and in that context pyarrow doesn't really support such 
notion of optional column (in an actual table, the columns are either present 
or are not).
   
   So I think adding that concept to just a Schema seems unlikely that we would 
want to do that. But, we can maybe look at ways to make your use case easier to 
do, as it is definitely a valid and logical thing to do.
   
   One idea could be to add an option to `Table.cast(schema)` to ignore columns 
in the target schema that are not present in the calling object (i.e. 
essentially take the calling table's set of columns as the ground truth for the 
columns of the result, and only use the passed `schema` to lookup the type for 
each column).
   
   Another idea could be to make it easier to select a subset of columns in the 
schema. For example, assume that a `Schema` had a `select` method to select a 
subset of the fields of the schema, one could do something like (in two steps):
   
   ```python
   arrow_table = df.to_arrow()
   arrow_table = arrow_table.cast(label_schema.select(arrow_table.schema.names)
   ```
   


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