paleolimbot commented on code in PR #7481:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/7481#discussion_r2078283292


##########
parquet/src/arrow/arrow_reader/mod.rs:
##########
@@ -506,37 +525,47 @@ impl ArrowReaderMetadata {
         // parquet_to_arrow_field_levels is expected to throw an error if the 
schemas have
         // different lengths, but we check here to be safe.
         if inferred_len != supplied_len {
-            Err(arrow_err!(format!(
-                "incompatible arrow schema, expected {} columns received {}",
+            return Err(arrow_err!(format!(
+                "Incompatible supplied Arrow schema: expected {} columns 
received {}",
                 inferred_len, supplied_len
-            )))
-        } else {
-            let diff_fields: Vec<_> = supplied_schema
-                .fields()
-                .iter()
-                .zip(fields.iter())
-                .filter_map(|(field1, field2)| {
-                    if field1 != field2 {
-                        Some(field1.name().clone())
-                    } else {
-                        None
-                    }
-                })
-                .collect();
+            )));
+        }
 
-            if !diff_fields.is_empty() {
-                Err(ParquetError::ArrowError(format!(
-                    "incompatible arrow schema, the following fields could not 
be cast: [{}]",
-                    diff_fields.join(", ")
-                )))
-            } else {
-                Ok(Self {
-                    metadata,
-                    schema: supplied_schema,
-                    fields: field_levels.levels.map(Arc::new),
-                })
+        let mut errors = Vec::new();

Review Comment:
   Hmm...this would mean that extension types can be cast implicitly to their 
storage (or perhaps the opposite, depending on which field metadata takes 
precedence). It is probably safer to fail, but not the end of the world because 
those errors will show up later (an error matching a signature if the extension 
metadata is dropped, or an error parsing bytes if unexpected content was given 
an extension type by accident). A true "user defined type" solution for 
DataFusion would be a place to handle this properly in some future 
(`field_common(field_a, field_b) -> Field`, `field_cast(array, array_field, 
common_field) -> ArrayRef`, or something).



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