jecsand838 commented on code in PR #8006:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/8006#discussion_r2244570973


##########
arrow-avro/src/reader/mod.rs:
##########
@@ -154,39 +167,130 @@ impl Decoder {
     ///
     /// Returns the number of bytes consumed.
     pub fn decode(&mut self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, ArrowError> {
+        if self.active_fingerprint.is_none()
+            && self.writer_schema_store.is_some()
+            && !data.starts_with(&SINGLE_OBJECT_MAGIC)
+        {
+            return Err(ArrowError::ParseError(
+                "Expected single‑object encoding fingerprint prefix for first 
message \
+                     (writer_schema_store is set but active_fingerprint is 
None)"
+                    .into(),
+            ));
+        }
         let mut total_consumed = 0usize;
-        while total_consumed < data.len() && self.decoded_rows < 
self.batch_size {
-            let consumed = self.record_decoder.decode(&data[total_consumed..], 
1)?;
-            // A successful call to record_decoder.decode means one row was 
decoded.
-            // If `consumed` is 0 on a non-empty buffer, it implies a valid 
zero-byte record.
-            // We increment `decoded_rows` to mark progress and avoid an 
infinite loop.
-            // We add `consumed` (which can be 0) to `total_consumed`.
-            total_consumed += consumed;
-            self.decoded_rows += 1;
+        let hash_type = self.writer_schema_store.as_ref().map_or(
+            FingerprintAlgorithm::Rabin,
+            SchemaStore::fingerprint_algorithm,
+        );
+        while total_consumed < data.len() && self.remaining_capacity > 0 {
+            if let Some(prefix_bytes) = 
self.handle_prefix(&data[total_consumed..], hash_type)? {
+                // A batch is complete when its `remaining_capacity` is 0. It 
may be completed early if
+                // a schema change is detected or there are insufficient bytes 
to read the next prefix.
+                // A schema change requires a new batch.
+                total_consumed += prefix_bytes;
+                break;
+            }
+            let n = self.active_decoder.decode(&data[total_consumed..], 1)?;
+            total_consumed += n;
+            self.remaining_capacity -= 1;
         }
         Ok(total_consumed)
     }
 
     /// Produce a `RecordBatch` if at least one row is fully decoded, returning
     /// `Ok(None)` if no new rows are available.
     pub fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<Option<RecordBatch>, ArrowError> {
-        if self.decoded_rows == 0 {
-            Ok(None)
-        } else {
-            let batch = self.record_decoder.flush()?;
-            self.decoded_rows = 0;
-            Ok(Some(batch))
+        if self.remaining_capacity == self.batch_size {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        let batch = self.active_decoder.flush()?;
+        self.remaining_capacity = self.batch_size;
+        // Apply a pending schema switch if one is staged
+        if let Some((new_fingerprint, new_decoder)) = 
self.pending_schema.take() {
+            // Cache the old decoder before replacing it
+            if let Some(old_fingerprint) = 
self.active_fingerprint.replace(new_fingerprint) {
+                let old_decoder = std::mem::replace(&mut self.active_decoder, 
new_decoder);
+                self.cache.shift_remove(&old_fingerprint);
+                self.cache.insert(old_fingerprint, old_decoder);
+                if self.cache.len() > self.max_cache_size {
+                    self.cache.shift_remove_index(0);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.active_decoder = new_decoder;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(batch))
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn handle_prefix(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: &[u8],
+        hash_type: FingerprintAlgorithm,
+    ) -> Result<Option<usize>, ArrowError> {
+        if self.writer_schema_store.is_none() || 
!buf.starts_with(&SINGLE_OBJECT_MAGIC) {
+            return Ok(None);

Review Comment:
   > suppose there really is a schema change, but the buffer has only 1 byte 
left. Then by returning None we would tell our caller that no schema change is 
coming and the caller would attempt to consume the byte as part of a (possibly 
single-byte) record instead.
   
   Ah, I think I see what you mean. Also I really like your suggested approach. 
I'll pick this back up in the morning and finish incorporating these 
recommendations.



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