alamb commented on code in PR #8021:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/8021#discussion_r2256914173


##########
parquet-variant-compute/src/variant_array.rs:
##########
@@ -135,36 +140,189 @@ impl VariantArray {
         self.inner
     }
 
+    /// Return the shredding state of this `VariantArray`
+    pub fn shredding_state(&self) -> &ShreddingState {
+        &self.shredding_state
+    }
+
     /// Return the [`Variant`] instance stored at the given row
     ///
-    /// Panics if the index is out of bounds.
+    /// Consistently with other Arrow arrays types, this API requires you to
+    /// check for nulls first using [`Self::is_valid`].
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// * if the index is out of bounds
+    /// * if the array value is null
+    ///
+    /// If this is a shredded variant but has no value at the shredded 
location, it
+    /// will return [`Variant::Null`].
+    ///
+    ///
+    /// # Performance Note
+    ///
+    /// This is certainly not the most efficient way to access values in a
+    /// `VariantArray`, but it is useful for testing and debugging.
     ///
     /// Note: Does not do deep validation of the [`Variant`], so it is up to 
the
     /// caller to ensure that the metadata and value were constructed 
correctly.
     pub fn value(&self, index: usize) -> Variant {
-        let metadata = self.metadata_field().as_binary_view().value(index);
-        let value = self.value_field().as_binary_view().value(index);
-        Variant::new(metadata, value)
+        match &self.shredding_state {
+            ShreddingState::Unshredded { metadata, value } => {
+                Variant::new(metadata.value(index), value.value(index))
+            }
+            ShreddingState::FullyShredded {
+                metadata: _,
+                typed_value,
+            } => {
+                if typed_value.is_null(index) {
+                    Variant::Null
+                } else {
+                    typed_value_to_variant(typed_value, index)
+                }
+            }
+            ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded {
+                metadata,
+                value,
+                typed_value,
+            } => {
+                if typed_value.is_null(index) {
+                    Variant::new(metadata.value(index), value.value(index))
+                } else {
+                    typed_value_to_variant(typed_value, index)
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    fn find_metadata_field(array: &StructArray) -> Option<ArrayRef> {
-        array.column_by_name("metadata").cloned()
+    /// Return a reference to the metadata field of the [`StructArray`]
+    pub fn metadata_field(&self) -> &BinaryViewArray {
+        self.shredding_state.metadata_field()
     }
 
-    fn find_value_field(array: &StructArray) -> Option<ArrayRef> {
-        array.column_by_name("value").cloned()
+    /// Return a reference to the value field of the `StructArray`
+    pub fn value_field(&self) -> Option<&BinaryViewArray> {
+        self.shredding_state.value_field()
     }
 
-    /// Return a reference to the metadata field of the [`StructArray`]
-    pub fn metadata_field(&self) -> &ArrayRef {
-        // spec says fields order is not guaranteed, so we search by name
-        &self.metadata_ref
+    /// Return a reference to the typed_value field of the `StructArray`, if 
present
+    pub fn typed_value_field(&self) -> Option<&ArrayRef> {
+        self.shredding_state.typed_value_field()
     }
+}
 
-    /// Return a reference to the value field of the `StructArray`
-    pub fn value_field(&self) -> &ArrayRef {
-        // spec says fields order is not guaranteed, so we search by name
-        &self.value_ref
+/// Variant arrays can be shredded in one of three states, encoded here
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ShreddingState {
+    /// This variant has no typed_value field
+    Unshredded {
+        metadata: BinaryViewArray,
+        value: BinaryViewArray,
+    },
+    /// This variant has a typed_value field and no value field
+    /// meaning it is fully shredded (aka the value is stored in typed_value)
+    FullyShredded {
+        metadata: BinaryViewArray,
+        typed_value: ArrayRef,
+    },
+    /// This variant has both a value field and a typed_value field
+    /// meaning it is partially shredded: first the typed_value is used, and
+    /// if that is null, the value field is used.
+    PartiallyShredded {
+        metadata: BinaryViewArray,
+        value: BinaryViewArray,
+        typed_value: ArrayRef,
+    },
+}
+
+impl ShreddingState {
+    /// try to create a new `ShreddingState` from the given fields
+    pub fn try_new(
+        metadata: BinaryViewArray,
+        value: Option<BinaryViewArray>,
+        typed_value: Option<ArrayRef>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, ArrowError> {
+        match (metadata, value, typed_value) {
+            (metadata, Some(value), Some(typed_value)) => 
Ok(Self::PartiallyShredded {
+                metadata,
+                value,
+                typed_value,
+            }),
+            (metadata, Some(value), None) => Ok(Self::Unshredded { metadata, 
value }),
+            (metadata, None, Some(typed_value)) => Ok(Self::FullyShredded {
+                metadata,
+                typed_value,
+            }),
+            (_metadata_field, None, None) => 
Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(String::from(
+                "VariantArray has neither value nor typed_value field",
+            ))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return a reference to the metadata field
+    pub fn metadata_field(&self) -> &BinaryViewArray {
+        match self {
+            ShreddingState::Unshredded { metadata, .. } => metadata,
+            ShreddingState::FullyShredded { metadata, .. } => metadata,
+            ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded { metadata, .. } => metadata,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return a reference to the value field, if present
+    pub fn value_field(&self) -> Option<&BinaryViewArray> {
+        match self {
+            ShreddingState::Unshredded { value, .. } => Some(value),
+            ShreddingState::FullyShredded { .. } => None,
+            ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded { value, .. } => Some(value),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return a reference to the typed_value field, if present
+    pub fn typed_value_field(&self) -> Option<&ArrayRef> {
+        match self {
+            ShreddingState::Unshredded { .. } => None,
+            ShreddingState::FullyShredded { typed_value, .. } => 
Some(typed_value),
+            ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded { typed_value, .. } => 
Some(typed_value),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Slice all the underlying arrays
+    pub fn slice(&self, offset: usize, length: usize) -> Self {
+        match self {
+            ShreddingState::Unshredded { metadata, value } => 
ShreddingState::Unshredded {
+                metadata: metadata.slice(offset, length),
+                value: value.slice(offset, length),
+            },
+            ShreddingState::FullyShredded {
+                metadata,
+                typed_value,
+            } => ShreddingState::FullyShredded {
+                metadata: metadata.slice(offset, length),
+                typed_value: typed_value.slice(offset, length),
+            },
+            ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded {
+                metadata,
+                value,
+                typed_value,
+            } => ShreddingState::PartiallyShredded {
+                metadata: metadata.slice(offset, length),
+                value: value.slice(offset, length),
+                typed_value: typed_value.slice(offset, length),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// returns the non-null element at index as a Variant
+fn typed_value_to_variant(typed_value: &ArrayRef, index: usize) -> Variant {

Review Comment:
   other Arrow Array apis don't return `Option`, they instead return the value 
directly requiring you to check `is_null` instead -- see 
https://docs.rs/arrow/latest/arrow/array/struct.PrimitiveArray.html#method.value
 for example
   
   ```rust
       /// Consistently with other Arrow arrays types, this API requires you to
       /// check for nulls first using [`Self::is_valid`].
   ```
   
   I think the reason it to allow a better chance at LLVM vectorizing the code, 
which I don't think is likely relevant here. 
   
   We could make the Variant API deviate from this pattern (it is already 
different in several other ways) and return `Option<Variant>`. 



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