felipecrv commented on code in PR #48002:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/48002#discussion_r2550422505


##########
docs/source/format/CanonicalExtensions.rst:
##########
@@ -544,6 +544,33 @@ Primitive Type Mappings
 | UUID extension type  | UUID                   |
 +----------------------+------------------------+
 
+.. _timestamp_with_offset_extension:
+
+Timestamp With Offset
+=============
+This type represents a timestamp column that stores potentially different 
timezone offsets per value. The timestamp is stored in UTC alongside the 
original timezone offset in minutes.
+This extension type is intended to be compatible with ANSI SQL's ``TIMESTAMP 
WITH TIME ZONE``, which is supported by multiple database engines.
+
+* Extension name: ``arrow.timestamp_with_offset``.
+
+* The storage type of the extension is a ``Struct`` with 2 fields, in order:
+
+  * ``timestamp``: a non-nullable ``Timestamp(time_unit, "UTC")``, where 
``time_unit`` is any Arrow ``TimeUnit`` (s, ms, us or ns).
+
+  * ``offset_minutes``: a non-nullable signed 16-bit integer (``Int16``) 
representing the offset in minutes from the UTC timezone. Negative offsets 
represent time zones west of UTC, while positive offsets represent east. 
Offsets range from -779 (-12:59) to +780 (+13:00).
+
+* Extension type parameters:
+
+  This type does not have any parameters.
+
+* Description of the serialization:
+
+  Extension metadata is an empty string.
+
+.. note::
+
+   It is also *permissible* for the ``offset_minutes`` field to be 
dictionary-encoded or run-end-encoded.

Review Comment:
   In the interest of brevity of the spec, I advised @serramatutu to not have 
recommendations here. I would assume anyone deciding to dictionary-encode an 
int16 array is considering the gains (or not) that they would have from that 
encoding. We are allowing but not recommending complicated encoding of an 
already compact 16-bit-valued array.



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