Copilot commented on code in PR #49813:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/49813#discussion_r3277977870


##########
cpp/src/gandiva/gdv_function_stubs_test.cc:
##########
@@ -1127,6 +1190,15 @@ TEST(TestGdvFnStubs, TestTranslate) {
   result = translate_utf8_utf8_utf8(ctx_ptr, "987654321", 9, "123456789", 9, 
"0123456789",
                                     10, &out_len);
   EXPECT_EQ(expected, std::string(result, out_len));
+
+  int32_t bad_in_len = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() / 4 + 1;
+  out_len = -1;
+  result = translate_utf8_utf8_utf8(ctx_ptr, "\\x80BCDE", bad_in_len, "B", 1, 
"C", 1,
+                                    &out_len);

Review Comment:
   The overflow test passes `in_len = INT_MAX/4 + 1` with an input literal 
`"\\x80BCDE"`, which does **not** contain a high-bit byte (it starts with a 
backslash). `translate_utf8_utf8_utf8` scans up to `in_len` bytes looking for 
`> 127`, so this test can read far past the literal (and potentially crash/hang 
under ASan/UBSan) before the overflow check is reached. Use an input buffer 
whose first byte is actually >= 0x80 (e.g., `"\x80BCDE"` or a `std::string` 
with `char(0x80)` as the first byte) so the scan breaks immediately and the 
test reliably exercises the multibyte overflow path without OOB reads.
   



##########
cpp/src/gandiva/precompiled/string_ops.cc:
##########
@@ -2444,182 +2462,175 @@ void concat_word(char* out_buf, int* out_idx, const 
char* in_buf, int in_len,
   *out_idx += in_len;
 }
 
-FORCE_INLINE
-const char* concat_ws_utf8_utf8(int64_t context, const char* separator,
-                                int32_t separator_len, bool separator_validity,
-                                const char* word1, int32_t word1_len, bool 
word1_validity,
-                                const char* word2, int32_t word2_len, bool 
word2_validity,
-                                bool* out_valid, int32_t* out_len) {
-  *out_len = 0;
-  int numValidInput = 0;
-  // If separator is null, always return null
-  if (!separator_validity) {
-    *out_len = 0;
-    *out_valid = false;
-    return "";
-  }
+// Helper structure to maintain state during safe length accumulation
+struct SafeLengthState {
+  int32_t total_len = 0;
+  int32_t num_valid = 0;
+  bool overflow = false;
+};
+
+// Helper to safely add a word length
+static inline bool safe_accumulate_word(SafeLengthState& state, int32_t 
word_len,
+                                        bool word_validity) {
+  if (!word_validity) return true;
 
-  if (word1_validity) {
-    *out_len += word1_len;
-    numValidInput++;
+  if (word_len < 0) {
+    return false;
   }
-  if (word2_validity) {
-    *out_len += word2_len;
-    numValidInput++;
+
+  int32_t temp = 0;
+  if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(
+          arrow::internal::AddWithOverflow(state.total_len, word_len, &temp))) 
{
+    state.overflow = true;
+    return false;
   }
+  state.total_len = temp;
+  state.num_valid++;
+  return true;
+}
 
-  *out_len += separator_len * (numValidInput > 1 ? numValidInput - 1 : 0);
-  if (*out_len == 0) {
-    *out_valid = true;
-    return "";
+// Helper to safely add separators based on number of valid words
+static inline bool safe_add_separators(SafeLengthState* state, int32_t 
separator_len) {
+  if (state->num_valid <= 1) return true;
+
+  int32_t sep_total = 0;
+  int32_t temp = 0;
+
+  if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(arrow::internal::MultiplyWithOverflow(
+          separator_len, state->num_valid - 1, &sep_total))) {
+    state->overflow = true;
+    return false;
   }
 
-  char* out = reinterpret_cast<char*>(gdv_fn_context_arena_malloc(context, 
*out_len));
-  if (out == nullptr) {
-    gdv_fn_context_set_error_msg(context, "Could not allocate memory for 
output string");
-    *out_len = 0;
-    *out_valid = false;
-    return "";
+  if (ARROW_PREDICT_FALSE(
+          arrow::internal::AddWithOverflow(state->total_len, sep_total, 
&temp))) {
+    state->overflow = true;
+    return false;
   }
 
-  char* tmp = out;
-  int out_idx = 0;
-  bool seenAnyValidInput = false;
+  state->total_len = temp;
+  return true;
+}
 
-  concat_word(tmp, &out_idx, word1, word1_len, word1_validity, separator, 
separator_len,
-              &seenAnyValidInput);
-  concat_word(tmp, &out_idx, word2, word2_len, word2_validity, separator, 
separator_len,
-              &seenAnyValidInput);
+// Helper to handle overflow failure (sets output parameters and returns empty 
string)
+static inline const char* handle_overflow_failure(bool* out_valid, int32_t* 
out_len) {
+  *out_len = 0;
+  *out_valid = false;
+  return "";
+}
 
+// Helper to handle empty result (all words invalid)
+static inline const char* handle_empty_result(bool* out_valid, int32_t* 
out_len) {
+  *out_len = 0;
   *out_valid = true;
-  *out_len = out_idx;
-  return out;
+  return "";
 }
 
-FORCE_INLINE
-const char* concat_ws_utf8_utf8_utf8(
-    int64_t context, const char* separator, int32_t separator_len,
-    bool separator_validity, const char* word1, int32_t word1_len, bool 
word1_validity,
-    const char* word2, int32_t word2_len, bool word2_validity, const char* 
word3,
-    int32_t word3_len, bool word3_validity, bool* out_valid, int32_t* out_len) 
{
+struct WordArg {
+  const char* data;
+  int32_t len;
+  bool valid;
+};
+
+static inline const char* concat_ws_impl(int64_t context, const char* 
separator,
+                                         int32_t separator_len, bool 
separator_validity,
+                                         bool* out_valid, int32_t* out_len,
+                                         std::initializer_list<WordArg> words) 
{
   *out_len = 0;
-  int numValidInput = 0;
-  // If separator is null, always return null
+
+  // Separator validity check
   if (!separator_validity) {
-    *out_len = 0;
     *out_valid = false;
     return "";
   }
-
-  if (word1_validity) {
-    *out_len += word1_len;
-    numValidInput++;
-  }
-  if (word2_validity) {
-    *out_len += word2_len;
-    numValidInput++;
+  if (separator_len < 0) {
+    *out_valid = false;
+    return "";
   }
-  if (word3_validity) {
-    *out_len += word3_len;
-    numValidInput++;
+
+  SafeLengthState state;
+
+  // Accumulate all word lengths safely
+  for (const WordArg& w : words) {
+    if (!safe_accumulate_word(state, w.len, w.valid)) {
+      gdv_fn_context_set_error_msg(context, "Invalid word length or 
validity.");
+      *out_len = 0;
+      *out_valid = false;
+      return "";
+    }
   }
 
-  *out_len += separator_len * (numValidInput > 1 ? numValidInput - 1 : 0);
+  // Add separator lengths
+  if (!safe_add_separators(&state, separator_len)) {
+    gdv_fn_context_set_error_msg(context, "Invalid separator.");
+    return handle_overflow_failure(out_valid, out_len);

Review Comment:
   `concat_ws_impl` reports overflows using generic messages like "Invalid word 
length or validity." and "Invalid separator." even when the failure is due to 
`AddWithOverflow`/`MultiplyWithOverflow` (i.e., an output-size overflow, not an 
invalid separator value). This makes debugging harder and is inconsistent with 
other string ops in this file that use a clear overflow message (e.g., "Memory 
allocation size too large."). Consider branching on `state.overflow` to emit an 
overflow-specific message and reserving the "invalid length" message for 
negative lengths.



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