fenfeng9 commented on issue #50113:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/50113#issuecomment-4639226572

   I think this bug is in the union logical null count path.
   
   `count` calls `ComputeLogicalNullCount()` for array inputs here:
   
   
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/e980b7ef70f66c2d5b674bd637a070333e10a3fc/cpp/src/arrow/compute/kernels/aggregate_basic.cc#L101-L108
   
   For union arrays, `ArraySpan::ComputeLogicalNullCount()` dispatches to the 
union logical null count helpers here:
   
   
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/e980b7ef70f66c2d5b674bd637a070333e10a3fc/cpp/src/arrow/array/data.cc#L624-L630
   
   The sparse and dense union implementations are here:
   
   
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/e980b7ef70f66c2d5b674bd637a070333e10a3fc/cpp/src/arrow/util/union_util.cc#L28-L38
   
   
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/e980b7ef70f66c2d5b674bd637a070333e10a3fc/cpp/src/arrow/util/union_util.cc#L43-L53
   
   `LogicalSparseUnionNullCount` uses `types = span.GetValues<int8_t>(1)`, 
which already accounts for `span.offset`, but it still indexes 
`types[span.offset + i]`. It also checks child nullness with `IsNull(i)` 
instead of `IsNull(span.offset + i)`.
   
   Likewise, `LogicalDenseUnionNullCount` uses `GetValues(...)` pointers that 
already account for `span.offset`, but it still indexes `types[span.offset + 
i]` and `offsets[span.offset + i]`.
   
   As a result, sliced unions can report incorrect logical null counts, which 
affects `count`.
   
   I verified the issue and a local fix, and I plan to open a PR shortly.


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