ranflarion opened a new pull request, #10497:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/10497

   # Which issue does this PR close?
   
   - Closes #10494.
   - Closes #10495.
   
   # Rationale for this change
   
   Both `BlockDecoder` and `HeaderDecoder` assemble the 16-byte sync marker 
with an offset derived from the size of the incoming fragment (`sync[16 - 
to_decode..]`), which only works when all 16 bytes arrive in one `decode()` 
call; a marker straddling a chunk boundary gets scrambled (#10494). For 
`HeaderDecoder` this is live today: a header larger than one fetch whose 
trailing marker straddles the boundary yields a garbled `Header::sync()`, the 
async reader's sync marker scan never matches, and a valid file silently reads 
as an empty stream.
   
   With assembly fixed, `Block.sync` becomes trustworthy, enabling the 
validation the Avro spec intends the marker for: both readers now compare each 
block's trailing marker against the file header's and reject a mismatch, 
matching the Java reference reader (`DataFileStream` throws `Invalid sync!`) 
(#10495). This continues the recent hardening of the container decode path 
(#10237, #10407). Without it, a desynced or corrupted stream can decode 
silently into wrong values; avro-deflate block data is raw DEFLATE with no 
checksum, so this is a real silent-corruption window with transiently faulty 
object stores.
   
   # What changes are included in this PR?
   
   - `BlockDecoder` and `HeaderDecoder` fill the sync marker from the front 
using the consumed count (`offset = 16 - bytes_remaining`).
   - The sync `Reader` and the async reader error with `ParseError("Avro block 
sync marker does not match file header")` when a flushed block's marker differs 
from the header's.
   
   # Are these changes tested?
   
   - A `BlockDecoder` unit test feeds a block in every chunk size from 1 byte 
up and asserts the assembled marker; it fails on main.
   - Both readers get a test that flips the final byte of `alltypes_plain.avro` 
(the last block's sync marker) and asserts the read fails; on main the flip is 
accepted silently.
   - Existing suites pass unchanged, including the roundtrip and range-read 
tests.
   
   # Are there any user-facing changes?
   
   Corrupt files that previously decoded silently (or, for the header case, 
silently produced an empty stream) now error, matching the Java reader. 
Appended files reuse the file's marker, so any file the reference reader 
accepts still reads fine.
   


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