sdf-jkl commented on code in PR #10313:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/10313#discussion_r3731631478


##########
parquet-variant-compute/src/variant_to_arrow.rs:
##########
@@ -661,6 +674,216 @@ impl<'a> StructVariantToArrowRowBuilder<'a> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Builder for converting variant values into a [`UnionArray`].
+///
+/// Each value is dispatched to the union field that most exactly represents 
its runtime type
+/// (see [`union_child_rank`]), with ties broken by declaration order. Unions 
have no top-level
+/// null buffer, so null rows -- and, in safe mode, values no field can 
represent -- become a
+/// null in the [`DataType::Null`] child if the union declares one, otherwise 
in the first child.
+pub(crate) struct UnionVariantToArrowRowBuilder<'a> {
+    fields: &'a UnionFields,
+    mode: UnionMode,
+    children: Vec<UnionChildBuilder<'a>>,
+    type_ids: Vec<i8>,
+    /// Dense mode only
+    offsets: Vec<i32>,
+    null_child: usize,
+    cast_options: &'a CastOptions<'a>,
+}
+
+struct UnionChildBuilder<'a> {
+    type_id: i8,
+    builder: VariantToArrowRowBuilder<'a>,
+    len: i32,
+}
+
+impl<'a> UnionVariantToArrowRowBuilder<'a> {
+    fn try_new(
+        fields: &'a UnionFields,
+        mode: UnionMode,
+        cast_options: &'a CastOptions<'a>,
+        capacity: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        // null rows need a child to land in
+        if fields.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError(
+                "Casting Variant to a union requires at least one union 
field".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut children = Vec::with_capacity(fields.len());
+        for (type_id, field) in fields.iter() {
+            children.push(UnionChildBuilder {
+                type_id,
+                builder: make_typed_variant_to_arrow_row_builder(
+                    field.data_type(),
+                    cast_options,
+                    capacity,
+                )?,
+                len: 0,
+            });
+        }
+        let null_child = fields
+            .iter()
+            .position(|(_, field)| field.data_type() == &DataType::Null)
+            .unwrap_or(0);

Review Comment:
   `UnionArray`s are confusing :weary: They don't seem to enforce nullability 
of the child arrays, so it's fine to append Null to any array if a Null array 
is not present



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