westonpace commented on a change in pull request #12067:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/12067#discussion_r825225218



##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

Review comment:
       This file should be named `key_hash_test.cc` as it is testing the code 
in `key_hash.h` now.

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,
+                       int min_length, int max_length) {
+  ARROW_DCHECK(use_varlen_input || min_length == max_length);
+
+  constexpr int min_num_unique = 100;
+  constexpr int max_num_unique = 1000;
+  constexpr int min_num_rows = 4000;
+  constexpr int max_num_rows = 64000;
+  int num_unique =
+      min_num_unique + (random.next() % (max_num_unique - min_num_unique + 1));
+  int num_rows = min_num_rows + (random.next() % (max_num_rows - min_num_rows 
+ 1));
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("num_bits = " + std::to_string(use_32bit_hash ? 32 : 64) +
+               " varlen = " + std::string(use_varlen_input ? "yes" : "no") +
+               " num_unique " + std::to_string(num_unique) + " num_rows " +
+               std::to_string(num_rows) + " min_length " + 
std::to_string(min_length) +
+               " max_length " + std::to_string(max_length));
+
+  if (max_length == 1) {
+    num_unique &= 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> unique_keys_offsets;
+  unique_keys_offsets.resize(num_unique + 1);
+  unique_keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+
+  const int num_bytes = unique_keys_offsets[num_unique];
+  std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
+  unique_keys.resize(num_bytes);
+  std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_unique; ++i) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int next_length;
+      if (use_varlen_input) {
+        next_length = min_length + random.next() % (max_length - min_length + 
1);
+      } else {
+        next_length = max_length;
+      }
+      unique_keys_offsets[i + 1] = unique_keys_offsets[i] + next_length;

Review comment:
       A lot of the logic here is reinventing things we have in `BinaryBuilder` 
 We should probably use that class.

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,
+                       int min_length, int max_length) {
+  ARROW_DCHECK(use_varlen_input || min_length == max_length);
+
+  constexpr int min_num_unique = 100;
+  constexpr int max_num_unique = 1000;
+  constexpr int min_num_rows = 4000;
+  constexpr int max_num_rows = 64000;
+  int num_unique =
+      min_num_unique + (random.next() % (max_num_unique - min_num_unique + 1));
+  int num_rows = min_num_rows + (random.next() % (max_num_rows - min_num_rows 
+ 1));
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("num_bits = " + std::to_string(use_32bit_hash ? 32 : 64) +
+               " varlen = " + std::string(use_varlen_input ? "yes" : "no") +
+               " num_unique " + std::to_string(num_unique) + " num_rows " +
+               std::to_string(num_rows) + " min_length " + 
std::to_string(min_length) +
+               " max_length " + std::to_string(max_length));
+
+  if (max_length == 1) {
+    num_unique &= 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> unique_keys_offsets;
+  unique_keys_offsets.resize(num_unique + 1);
+  unique_keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+
+  const int num_bytes = unique_keys_offsets[num_unique];
+  std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
+  unique_keys.resize(num_bytes);
+  std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_unique; ++i) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int next_length;
+      if (use_varlen_input) {
+        next_length = min_length + random.next() % (max_length - min_length + 
1);
+      } else {
+        next_length = max_length;
+      }
+      unique_keys_offsets[i + 1] = unique_keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+      unique_keys.resize(unique_keys_offsets[i + 1]);
+      uint8_t* next_key = unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[i];
+
+      for (int iword = 0; iword < next_length / 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t));
+           ++iword) {
+        reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(next_key)[iword] = random.next();
+      }
+      if (next_length % sizeof(uint64_t) > 0) {
+        uint8_t* tail = next_key + next_length - (next_length % 
sizeof(uint64_t));
+        for (int ibyte = 0; ibyte < (next_length % 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t)));
+             ++ibyte) {
+          tail[ibyte] = static_cast<uint8_t>(random.next() & 0xff);
+        }
+      }
+      std::string next_key_string =
+          std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next_key), next_length);
+      if (unique_key_strings.find(next_key_string) == 
unique_key_strings.end()) {
+        unique_key_strings.insert(next_key_string);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<int> row_ids;
+  row_ids.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> keys;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> keys_offsets;
+  keys_offsets.resize(num_rows + 1);
+  keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = random.next() % num_unique;
+    row_ids[i] = row_id;
+    int next_length = unique_keys_offsets[row_id + 1] - 
unique_keys_offsets[row_id];
+    keys_offsets[i + 1] = keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+  }
+  keys.resize(keys_offsets[num_rows]);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = row_ids[i];
+    int next_length = keys_offsets[i + 1] - keys_offsets[i];
+    memcpy(keys.data() + keys_offsets[i],
+           unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[row_id], next_length);
+  }
+
+  constexpr int min_rows_for_timing = 1 << 23;
+  int num_repeats = static_cast<int>(bit_util::CeilDiv(min_rows_for_timing, 
num_rows));
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  num_repeats = 1;
+#endif
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_scalar32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_scalar64;
+  hashes_scalar32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_scalar64.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_simd32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_simd64;
+  hashes_simd32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_simd64.resize(num_rows);
+
+  int64_t hardware_flags_scalar = 0LL;
+  int64_t hardware_flags_simd = ::arrow::internal::CpuInfo::AVX2;
+
+  constexpr int mini_batch_size = 1024;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> temp_buffer;
+  temp_buffer.resize(mini_batch_size * 4);
+
+  for (bool use_simd : {false, true}) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_repeats; ++i) {
+      if (use_32bit_hash) {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing32::hash_fixed(use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : 
hardware_flags_scalar,
+                                /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : 
hashes_scalar32.data(),
+                                temp_buffer.data());
+        } else {
+          for (int first_row = 0; first_row < num_rows;) {
+            int batch_size_next = std::min(num_rows - first_row, 
mini_batch_size);
+
+            Hashing32::hash_varlen(
+                use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : hardware_flags_scalar,
+                /*combine_hashes=*/false, batch_size_next,
+                keys_offsets.data() + first_row, keys.data(),
+                (use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : hashes_scalar32.data()) + 
first_row,
+                temp_buffer.data());
+
+            first_row += batch_size_next;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing64::hash_fixed(/*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : 
hashes_scalar64.data());
+        } else {
+          Hashing64::hash_varlen(
+              /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, keys_offsets.data(), 
keys.data(),
+              use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : hashes_scalar64.data());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (use_32bit_hash) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+      hashes_scalar64[i] = hashes_scalar32[i];
+      hashes_simd64[i] = hashes_simd32[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that both scalar and AVX2 implementations give the same hashes
+  //
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    if (hashes_scalar64[i] != hashes_simd64[i]) {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that the same key appearing multiple times generates the same hash
+  // each time. Measure the number of unique hashes and compare to the number
+  // of unique keys.
+  //
+  std::map<int, uint64_t> unique_key_to_hash;
+  std::set<uint64_t> unique_hashes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    std::map<int, uint64_t>::iterator iter = 
unique_key_to_hash.find(row_ids[i]);
+    if (iter == unique_key_to_hash.end()) {
+      unique_key_to_hash.insert(std::make_pair(row_ids[i], 
hashes_scalar64[i]));
+    } else {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(iter->second == hashes_scalar64[i]);

Review comment:
       We should use `ASSERT` instead of `DCHECK`

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,
+                       int min_length, int max_length) {
+  ARROW_DCHECK(use_varlen_input || min_length == max_length);
+
+  constexpr int min_num_unique = 100;
+  constexpr int max_num_unique = 1000;
+  constexpr int min_num_rows = 4000;
+  constexpr int max_num_rows = 64000;
+  int num_unique =
+      min_num_unique + (random.next() % (max_num_unique - min_num_unique + 1));
+  int num_rows = min_num_rows + (random.next() % (max_num_rows - min_num_rows 
+ 1));
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("num_bits = " + std::to_string(use_32bit_hash ? 32 : 64) +
+               " varlen = " + std::string(use_varlen_input ? "yes" : "no") +
+               " num_unique " + std::to_string(num_unique) + " num_rows " +
+               std::to_string(num_rows) + " min_length " + 
std::to_string(min_length) +
+               " max_length " + std::to_string(max_length));
+
+  if (max_length == 1) {
+    num_unique &= 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> unique_keys_offsets;
+  unique_keys_offsets.resize(num_unique + 1);
+  unique_keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+
+  const int num_bytes = unique_keys_offsets[num_unique];
+  std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
+  unique_keys.resize(num_bytes);
+  std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_unique; ++i) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int next_length;
+      if (use_varlen_input) {
+        next_length = min_length + random.next() % (max_length - min_length + 
1);
+      } else {
+        next_length = max_length;
+      }
+      unique_keys_offsets[i + 1] = unique_keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+      unique_keys.resize(unique_keys_offsets[i + 1]);
+      uint8_t* next_key = unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[i];
+
+      for (int iword = 0; iword < next_length / 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t));
+           ++iword) {
+        reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(next_key)[iword] = random.next();
+      }
+      if (next_length % sizeof(uint64_t) > 0) {
+        uint8_t* tail = next_key + next_length - (next_length % 
sizeof(uint64_t));
+        for (int ibyte = 0; ibyte < (next_length % 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t)));
+             ++ibyte) {
+          tail[ibyte] = static_cast<uint8_t>(random.next() & 0xff);
+        }
+      }
+      std::string next_key_string =
+          std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next_key), next_length);
+      if (unique_key_strings.find(next_key_string) == 
unique_key_strings.end()) {
+        unique_key_strings.insert(next_key_string);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<int> row_ids;
+  row_ids.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> keys;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> keys_offsets;
+  keys_offsets.resize(num_rows + 1);
+  keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = random.next() % num_unique;
+    row_ids[i] = row_id;
+    int next_length = unique_keys_offsets[row_id + 1] - 
unique_keys_offsets[row_id];
+    keys_offsets[i + 1] = keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+  }
+  keys.resize(keys_offsets[num_rows]);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = row_ids[i];
+    int next_length = keys_offsets[i + 1] - keys_offsets[i];
+    memcpy(keys.data() + keys_offsets[i],
+           unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[row_id], next_length);
+  }
+
+  constexpr int min_rows_for_timing = 1 << 23;
+  int num_repeats = static_cast<int>(bit_util::CeilDiv(min_rows_for_timing, 
num_rows));
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  num_repeats = 1;
+#endif
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_scalar32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_scalar64;
+  hashes_scalar32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_scalar64.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_simd32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_simd64;
+  hashes_simd32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_simd64.resize(num_rows);
+
+  int64_t hardware_flags_scalar = 0LL;
+  int64_t hardware_flags_simd = ::arrow::internal::CpuInfo::AVX2;
+
+  constexpr int mini_batch_size = 1024;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> temp_buffer;
+  temp_buffer.resize(mini_batch_size * 4);
+
+  for (bool use_simd : {false, true}) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_repeats; ++i) {
+      if (use_32bit_hash) {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing32::hash_fixed(use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : 
hardware_flags_scalar,
+                                /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : 
hashes_scalar32.data(),
+                                temp_buffer.data());
+        } else {
+          for (int first_row = 0; first_row < num_rows;) {
+            int batch_size_next = std::min(num_rows - first_row, 
mini_batch_size);
+
+            Hashing32::hash_varlen(
+                use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : hardware_flags_scalar,
+                /*combine_hashes=*/false, batch_size_next,
+                keys_offsets.data() + first_row, keys.data(),
+                (use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : hashes_scalar32.data()) + 
first_row,
+                temp_buffer.data());
+
+            first_row += batch_size_next;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing64::hash_fixed(/*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : 
hashes_scalar64.data());
+        } else {
+          Hashing64::hash_varlen(
+              /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, keys_offsets.data(), 
keys.data(),
+              use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : hashes_scalar64.data());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (use_32bit_hash) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+      hashes_scalar64[i] = hashes_scalar32[i];
+      hashes_simd64[i] = hashes_simd32[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that both scalar and AVX2 implementations give the same hashes
+  //
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    if (hashes_scalar64[i] != hashes_simd64[i]) {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that the same key appearing multiple times generates the same hash
+  // each time. Measure the number of unique hashes and compare to the number
+  // of unique keys.
+  //
+  std::map<int, uint64_t> unique_key_to_hash;
+  std::set<uint64_t> unique_hashes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    std::map<int, uint64_t>::iterator iter = 
unique_key_to_hash.find(row_ids[i]);
+    if (iter == unique_key_to_hash.end()) {
+      unique_key_to_hash.insert(std::make_pair(row_ids[i], 
hashes_scalar64[i]));
+    } else {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(iter->second == hashes_scalar64[i]);
+    }
+    if (unique_hashes.find(hashes_scalar64[i]) == unique_hashes.end()) {
+      unique_hashes.insert(hashes_scalar64[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  float percent_hash_collisions = 100.0f *
+                                  static_cast<float>(num_unique - 
unique_hashes.size()) /
+                                  static_cast<float>(num_unique);
+  SCOPED_TRACE("percent_hash_collisions " + 
std::to_string(percent_hash_collisions));
+  ARROW_DCHECK(percent_hash_collisions < 5.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(VectorHash, Basic) {
+  Random64Bit random(/*seed=*/0);
+
+  int numtest = 100;
+
+  constexpr int min_length = 1;
+  constexpr int max_length = 50;
+
+  for (bool use_32bit_hash : {true, false}) {
+    for (bool use_varlen_input : {false, true}) {
+      for (int itest = 0; itest < numtest; ++itest) {
+        int length = static_cast<int>(std::max(
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(use_varlen_input ? 2 : 1),
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(min_length +
+                                  random.next() % (max_length - min_length + 
1))));

Review comment:
       Given that we are already choose keys of random lengths I don't know 
that there is much need to also randomize the max length.  We could just always 
use 50.

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,
+                       int min_length, int max_length) {
+  ARROW_DCHECK(use_varlen_input || min_length == max_length);
+
+  constexpr int min_num_unique = 100;
+  constexpr int max_num_unique = 1000;
+  constexpr int min_num_rows = 4000;
+  constexpr int max_num_rows = 64000;
+  int num_unique =
+      min_num_unique + (random.next() % (max_num_unique - min_num_unique + 1));
+  int num_rows = min_num_rows + (random.next() % (max_num_rows - min_num_rows 
+ 1));
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("num_bits = " + std::to_string(use_32bit_hash ? 32 : 64) +
+               " varlen = " + std::string(use_varlen_input ? "yes" : "no") +
+               " num_unique " + std::to_string(num_unique) + " num_rows " +
+               std::to_string(num_rows) + " min_length " + 
std::to_string(min_length) +
+               " max_length " + std::to_string(max_length));
+
+  if (max_length == 1) {
+    num_unique &= 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> unique_keys_offsets;
+  unique_keys_offsets.resize(num_unique + 1);
+  unique_keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+
+  const int num_bytes = unique_keys_offsets[num_unique];
+  std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
+  unique_keys.resize(num_bytes);
+  std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_unique; ++i) {
+    for (;;) {
+      int next_length;
+      if (use_varlen_input) {
+        next_length = min_length + random.next() % (max_length - min_length + 
1);
+      } else {
+        next_length = max_length;
+      }
+      unique_keys_offsets[i + 1] = unique_keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+      unique_keys.resize(unique_keys_offsets[i + 1]);
+      uint8_t* next_key = unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[i];
+
+      for (int iword = 0; iword < next_length / 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t));
+           ++iword) {
+        reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(next_key)[iword] = random.next();
+      }
+      if (next_length % sizeof(uint64_t) > 0) {
+        uint8_t* tail = next_key + next_length - (next_length % 
sizeof(uint64_t));
+        for (int ibyte = 0; ibyte < (next_length % 
static_cast<int>(sizeof(uint64_t)));
+             ++ibyte) {
+          tail[ibyte] = static_cast<uint8_t>(random.next() & 0xff);
+        }
+      }
+      std::string next_key_string =
+          std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(next_key), next_length);
+      if (unique_key_strings.find(next_key_string) == 
unique_key_strings.end()) {
+        unique_key_strings.insert(next_key_string);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<int> row_ids;
+  row_ids.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> keys;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> keys_offsets;
+  keys_offsets.resize(num_rows + 1);
+  keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = random.next() % num_unique;
+    row_ids[i] = row_id;
+    int next_length = unique_keys_offsets[row_id + 1] - 
unique_keys_offsets[row_id];
+    keys_offsets[i + 1] = keys_offsets[i] + next_length;
+  }
+  keys.resize(keys_offsets[num_rows]);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    int row_id = row_ids[i];
+    int next_length = keys_offsets[i + 1] - keys_offsets[i];
+    memcpy(keys.data() + keys_offsets[i],
+           unique_keys.data() + unique_keys_offsets[row_id], next_length);
+  }
+
+  constexpr int min_rows_for_timing = 1 << 23;
+  int num_repeats = static_cast<int>(bit_util::CeilDiv(min_rows_for_timing, 
num_rows));
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  num_repeats = 1;
+#endif
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_scalar32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_scalar64;
+  hashes_scalar32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_scalar64.resize(num_rows);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> hashes_simd32;
+  std::vector<uint64_t> hashes_simd64;
+  hashes_simd32.resize(num_rows);
+  hashes_simd64.resize(num_rows);
+
+  int64_t hardware_flags_scalar = 0LL;
+  int64_t hardware_flags_simd = ::arrow::internal::CpuInfo::AVX2;
+
+  constexpr int mini_batch_size = 1024;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> temp_buffer;
+  temp_buffer.resize(mini_batch_size * 4);
+
+  for (bool use_simd : {false, true}) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_repeats; ++i) {
+      if (use_32bit_hash) {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing32::hash_fixed(use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : 
hardware_flags_scalar,
+                                /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : 
hashes_scalar32.data(),
+                                temp_buffer.data());
+        } else {
+          for (int first_row = 0; first_row < num_rows;) {
+            int batch_size_next = std::min(num_rows - first_row, 
mini_batch_size);
+
+            Hashing32::hash_varlen(
+                use_simd ? hardware_flags_simd : hardware_flags_scalar,
+                /*combine_hashes=*/false, batch_size_next,
+                keys_offsets.data() + first_row, keys.data(),
+                (use_simd ? hashes_simd32.data() : hashes_scalar32.data()) + 
first_row,
+                temp_buffer.data());
+
+            first_row += batch_size_next;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!use_varlen_input) {
+          Hashing64::hash_fixed(/*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, max_length,
+                                keys.data(),
+                                use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : 
hashes_scalar64.data());
+        } else {
+          Hashing64::hash_varlen(
+              /*combine_hashes=*/false, num_rows, keys_offsets.data(), 
keys.data(),
+              use_simd ? hashes_simd64.data() : hashes_scalar64.data());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (use_32bit_hash) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+      hashes_scalar64[i] = hashes_scalar32[i];
+      hashes_simd64[i] = hashes_simd32[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that both scalar and AVX2 implementations give the same hashes
+  //
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    if (hashes_scalar64[i] != hashes_simd64[i]) {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that the same key appearing multiple times generates the same hash
+  // each time. Measure the number of unique hashes and compare to the number
+  // of unique keys.
+  //
+  std::map<int, uint64_t> unique_key_to_hash;
+  std::set<uint64_t> unique_hashes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_rows; ++i) {
+    std::map<int, uint64_t>::iterator iter = 
unique_key_to_hash.find(row_ids[i]);
+    if (iter == unique_key_to_hash.end()) {
+      unique_key_to_hash.insert(std::make_pair(row_ids[i], 
hashes_scalar64[i]));
+    } else {
+      ARROW_DCHECK(iter->second == hashes_scalar64[i]);
+    }
+    if (unique_hashes.find(hashes_scalar64[i]) == unique_hashes.end()) {
+      unique_hashes.insert(hashes_scalar64[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  float percent_hash_collisions = 100.0f *
+                                  static_cast<float>(num_unique - 
unique_hashes.size()) /
+                                  static_cast<float>(num_unique);
+  SCOPED_TRACE("percent_hash_collisions " + 
std::to_string(percent_hash_collisions));
+  ARROW_DCHECK(percent_hash_collisions < 5.0f);
+}
+
+TEST(VectorHash, Basic) {
+  Random64Bit random(/*seed=*/0);
+
+  int numtest = 100;

Review comment:
       ```suggestion
     int numtest = 10;
   ```
   
   Since this is just going to be for detecting regression (and not 
benchmarking) we should drop this down so this test is in line with our other 
unit tests.

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,
+                       int min_length, int max_length) {
+  ARROW_DCHECK(use_varlen_input || min_length == max_length);
+
+  constexpr int min_num_unique = 100;
+  constexpr int max_num_unique = 1000;
+  constexpr int min_num_rows = 4000;
+  constexpr int max_num_rows = 64000;
+  int num_unique =
+      min_num_unique + (random.next() % (max_num_unique - min_num_unique + 1));
+  int num_rows = min_num_rows + (random.next() % (max_num_rows - min_num_rows 
+ 1));
+
+  SCOPED_TRACE("num_bits = " + std::to_string(use_32bit_hash ? 32 : 64) +
+               " varlen = " + std::string(use_varlen_input ? "yes" : "no") +
+               " num_unique " + std::to_string(num_unique) + " num_rows " +
+               std::to_string(num_rows) + " min_length " + 
std::to_string(min_length) +
+               " max_length " + std::to_string(max_length));
+
+  if (max_length == 1) {
+    num_unique &= 0x7f;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> unique_keys_offsets;
+  unique_keys_offsets.resize(num_unique + 1);
+  unique_keys_offsets[0] = 0;
+
+  const int num_bytes = unique_keys_offsets[num_unique];
+  std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
+  unique_keys.resize(num_bytes);
+  std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;

Review comment:
       ```suggestion
     std::vector<uint8_t> unique_keys;
     std::set<std::string> unique_key_strings;
   ```
   `num_bytes` will always be 0.

##########
File path: cpp/src/arrow/compute/exec/vector_hash_test.cc
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <gmock/gmock-matchers.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/key_hash.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/test_util.h"
+#include "arrow/compute/exec/util.h"
+#include "arrow/util/cpu_info.h"
+
+namespace arrow {
+namespace compute {
+
+void TestVectorHashImp(Random64Bit& random, bool use_32bit_hash, bool 
use_varlen_input,

Review comment:
       This test should be using `HashMultiColumn` as that is the public API 
and it isn't covered elsewhere and there is some non-trivial null handling 
logic there (we should also be testing with nulls).
   
   In addition, there is no coverage of hash_bit
   
   Finally, there is no coverage of multiple column hashes or hash combination




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