je-ik commented on issue #23379:
URL: https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/23379#issuecomment-1263253868

   Do we have these definitions "set in stone"? I'd offer an alternative 
definition of watermark - not actually being an aggregation of "elements", it 
is rather an aggregation of causality. I tried to explain it 
[here](https://twitter.com/janl_apache/status/1478757956263071745?s=20&t=4SarwNn0_gNXd35FlK-pYg).
   
   The basic idea is that the invariant is not the actual value of watermark is 
what is important. The important part is that causality must be preserved. If 
event B is caused by event B in any upstream partition of any transform (e.g. 
source), then the same order of these events (that is, first is observed event 
A and only then event B) must be preserved in *all* downstream partitions of 
*all* transforms and this must hold even in the presence of failures.
   
   With this definition we can view watermark as an "event-time wall clock", 
This wall clock may move at any non-negative speed wrt to processing-time. This 
definition also gives sense to "last open window", because the "window close" 
is simple an event as any other, having assigned timestamp that can be compared 
to this wall-clock.
   
   Would this definition brake any concepts we currently use?


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