je-ik commented on code in PR #39610:
URL: https://github.com/apache/beam/pull/39610#discussion_r3711128991


##########
runners/kafka-streams/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/runners/kafka/streams/translation/GroupByKeyBroadcastPartitioner.java:
##########
@@ -56,7 +56,10 @@ public Optional<Set<Integer>> partitions(
       }
       return Optional.of(all);
     }
-    int partition = Utils.toPositive(Utils.murmur2(key)) % numPartitions;
+    // A keyless record — a stateless stage carries no key — has nowhere in 
particular to go, so
+    // send it to partition 0 rather than hashing a null. This is the method 
Kafka Streams calls,
+    // so the guard has to be here and not only on partition() above.
+    int partition = key == null ? 0 : Utils.toPositive(Utils.murmur2(key)) % 
numPartitions;
     return Optional.of(Collections.singleton(partition));

Review Comment:
   Is this correct? I would expect that the record should go to the partition 
it came from OR a random partition from numPartitions, not a fixed partition.



##########
runners/kafka-streams/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/runners/kafka/streams/translation/FlattenParallelismTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.translation;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+
+import org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions;
+import org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.KafkaStreamsTestRunner;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Create;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.DoFn;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Flatten;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.GroupByKey;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.KV;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Pins down what happens to a Flatten whose branches would run at different 
parallelisms — one
+ * through a GroupByKey and so at the shuffle's parallelism, one straight from 
a source and so a
+ * single instance.
+ *
+ * <p>This matters because a Flatten runs as one set of tasks over all of its 
inputs. Kafka Streams
+ * merges the subtopologies of every parent a processor is wired to and gives 
the result as many
+ * tasks as its largest source topic has partitions, so a parent with fewer 
partitions would only
+ * produce on some of those tasks and the rest would wait forever for a 
watermark report from it.
+ *
+ * <p>That does not arise, and this test is here to record why: the fuser 
folds such a Flatten into
+ * the SDK harness stage rather than leaving a node for the runner to 
translate. The Flattens that
+ * do reach {@link FlattenTranslator} come from the fuser deduplicating 
partial outputs of a single
+ * PCollection. If a change ever makes the mismatched shape reach the 
translator, this test starts
+ * failing and the partition-count handling there needs revisiting.
+ */
+public class FlattenParallelismTest {
+
+  private static class ToKvFn extends DoFn<Integer, KV<String, Integer>> {
+    @ProcessElement
+    public void processElement(@Element Integer input, 
OutputReceiver<KV<String, Integer>> out) {
+      out.output(KV.of("k", input));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class UngroupFn extends DoFn<KV<String, Iterable<Integer>>, 
Integer> {
+    @ProcessElement
+    public void processElement(
+        @Element KV<String, Iterable<Integer>> group, OutputReceiver<Integer> 
out) {
+      for (int value : group.getValue()) {
+        out.output(value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Pipeline mixedParallelismFlatten(int internalParallelism) {
+    KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions options =
+        
KafkaStreamsTestRunner.testOptions().as(KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions.class);
+    options.setInternalParallelism(internalParallelism);
+    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);
+
+    // Through a GroupByKey, so this branch runs at the shuffle's parallelism.
+    PCollection<Integer> shuffled =
+        pipeline
+            .apply("createGrouped", Create.of(1, 2, 3))
+            .apply("toKv", ParDo.of(new ToKvFn()))
+            .apply("group", GroupByKey.create())
+            .apply("ungroup", ParDo.of(new UngroupFn()));
+
+    // Straight from a source, so this branch is a single instance.
+    PCollection<Integer> direct = pipeline.apply("createDirect", Create.of(4, 
5, 6));
+
+    PCollectionList.of(shuffled).and(direct).apply("merge", 
Flatten.pCollections());
+    return pipeline;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void 
branchesAtDifferentParallelismsAreFusedRatherThanLeftToTheRunner() {
+    // Translating is the assertion: the mismatched shape does not reach 
FlattenTranslator, because
+    // the fuser absorbs this Flatten into the harness stage. Were it to 
arrive there, the runner
+    // would build one Flatten node over branches of differing parallelism and 
stall.
+    KafkaStreamsTranslationContext context =
+        KafkaStreamsTestRunner.translate(mixedParallelismFlatten(4));
+
+    assertThat(context.getTopology().describe().subtopologies().isEmpty(), 
is(false));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void theSameShapeTranslatesAtASingleParallelism() {
+    KafkaStreamsTranslationContext context =
+        KafkaStreamsTestRunner.translate(mixedParallelismFlatten(1));
+
+    assertThat(context.getTopology().describe().subtopologies().isEmpty(), 
is(false));

Review Comment:
   Same here?



##########
runners/kafka-streams/src/test/java/org/apache/beam/runners/kafka/streams/translation/FlattenParallelismTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.translation;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+
+import org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions;
+import org.apache.beam.runners.kafka.streams.KafkaStreamsTestRunner;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Create;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.DoFn;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.Flatten;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.GroupByKey;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.ParDo;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.KV;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
+import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Pins down what happens to a Flatten whose branches would run at different 
parallelisms — one
+ * through a GroupByKey and so at the shuffle's parallelism, one straight from 
a source and so a
+ * single instance.
+ *
+ * <p>This matters because a Flatten runs as one set of tasks over all of its 
inputs. Kafka Streams
+ * merges the subtopologies of every parent a processor is wired to and gives 
the result as many
+ * tasks as its largest source topic has partitions, so a parent with fewer 
partitions would only
+ * produce on some of those tasks and the rest would wait forever for a 
watermark report from it.
+ *
+ * <p>That does not arise, and this test is here to record why: the fuser 
folds such a Flatten into
+ * the SDK harness stage rather than leaving a node for the runner to 
translate. The Flattens that
+ * do reach {@link FlattenTranslator} come from the fuser deduplicating 
partial outputs of a single
+ * PCollection. If a change ever makes the mismatched shape reach the 
translator, this test starts
+ * failing and the partition-count handling there needs revisiting.
+ */
+public class FlattenParallelismTest {
+
+  private static class ToKvFn extends DoFn<Integer, KV<String, Integer>> {
+    @ProcessElement
+    public void processElement(@Element Integer input, 
OutputReceiver<KV<String, Integer>> out) {
+      out.output(KV.of("k", input));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class UngroupFn extends DoFn<KV<String, Iterable<Integer>>, 
Integer> {
+    @ProcessElement
+    public void processElement(
+        @Element KV<String, Iterable<Integer>> group, OutputReceiver<Integer> 
out) {
+      for (int value : group.getValue()) {
+        out.output(value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Pipeline mixedParallelismFlatten(int internalParallelism) {
+    KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions options =
+        
KafkaStreamsTestRunner.testOptions().as(KafkaStreamsPipelineOptions.class);
+    options.setInternalParallelism(internalParallelism);
+    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);
+
+    // Through a GroupByKey, so this branch runs at the shuffle's parallelism.
+    PCollection<Integer> shuffled =
+        pipeline
+            .apply("createGrouped", Create.of(1, 2, 3))
+            .apply("toKv", ParDo.of(new ToKvFn()))
+            .apply("group", GroupByKey.create())
+            .apply("ungroup", ParDo.of(new UngroupFn()));
+
+    // Straight from a source, so this branch is a single instance.
+    PCollection<Integer> direct = pipeline.apply("createDirect", Create.of(4, 
5, 6));
+
+    PCollectionList.of(shuffled).and(direct).apply("merge", 
Flatten.pCollections());
+    return pipeline;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void 
branchesAtDifferentParallelismsAreFusedRatherThanLeftToTheRunner() {
+    // Translating is the assertion: the mismatched shape does not reach 
FlattenTranslator, because
+    // the fuser absorbs this Flatten into the harness stage. Were it to 
arrive there, the runner
+    // would build one Flatten node over branches of differing parallelism and 
stall.
+    KafkaStreamsTranslationContext context =
+        KafkaStreamsTestRunner.translate(mixedParallelismFlatten(4));
+
+    assertThat(context.getTopology().describe().subtopologies().isEmpty(), 
is(false));

Review Comment:
   Should we test how the topology looks-like, not only that it is non-empty?



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