claudevdm opened a new pull request, #40124:
URL: https://github.com/apache/beam/pull/40124

   Before this change the pre-pass required an existing table. AddFiles without 
evolution creates a missing table from whichever file happens to reach 
ConvertToDataFile first; with the pre-pass every schema of the window is known 
before anything is created.
   
   Create path (CommitSchemaUnion.create), taken when loadTable throws 
NoSuchTableException:
   
   - The window's schemas are folded into one union on a scratch create 
transaction that is never committed (the same staging loop as the evolve path, 
so a schema conflicting with another is reported or skipped per the handling, 
and the create is abandoned under FAIL_PIPELINE before anything exists).
   - The real table is built directly from createdSchema(union, config): every 
column optional at every level - one lucky file's declared or proven 
required-ness must not become a table constraint that the next file violates - 
except pinned paths and their ancestors, which are created required. Creation 
is the schema-authoring moment; evolution never tightens columns afterwards. A 
pin that no file schema carries fails the create under FAIL_PIPELINE (later 
windows could only add the column optional, so the pin would stay inert 
forever) and warns under ROUTE_TO_ERRORS. The created table is born with a 
single schema version.
   - Creation is not gated on any particular evolution option: the options 
guard an existing table's schema, and there is none to guard yet.
   - Partition spec, sort order and table properties come from TableCreation 
(the AddFiles constructor arguments), resolved against the union, so a 
partition or sort column carried by any schema of the window works; the name 
mapping is written in the same transaction.
   - Create race: two workers (or a concurrent non-evolution AddFiles) may 
create the table at once. AlreadyExistsException joins CommitFailedException in 
the retry, and the next attempt takes the evolve path against the table the 
other party created.
   - Empty window against a missing table returns NO_TABLE (-1) and creates 
nothing.
   
   **Please** add a meaningful description for your change here
   
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