yeandy commented on a change in pull request #16677:
URL: https://github.com/apache/beam/pull/16677#discussion_r805831417



##########
File path: sdks/python/apache_beam/dataframe/frames.py
##########
@@ -4721,13 +4721,82 @@ def repeat(self, repeats):
       pd.core.strings.StringMethods, 'get_dummies',
       reason='non-deferred-columns')
 
-  split = frame_base.wont_implement_method(
-      pd.core.strings.StringMethods, 'split',
-      reason='non-deferred-columns')
+  def _split_helper(
+    self, rsplit=False, pat=None, expand=False, regex=None, **kwargs):
+    if not expand:
+      # Not creating separate columns
+      proxy = self._expr.proxy()
+      func = lambda s: pd.concat([proxy,
+        (s.str.split(pat=pat, expand=expand, regex=regex, **kwargs)
+        if not rsplit else s.str.rsplit(pat=pat, expand=expand, **kwargs))]
+      )
+    else:
+      # Creating separate columns, so must be more strict on dtype
+      dtype = self._expr.proxy().dtype
+      if not isinstance(dtype, pd.CategoricalDtype):
+        method_name = 'rsplit' if rsplit else 'split'
+        raise frame_base.WontImplementError(
+            method_name + "() of non-categorical type is not supported because 
"
+            "the type of the output column depends on the data. Please use "
+            "pd.CategoricalDtype with explicit categories.",
+            reason="non-deferred-columns")
 
-  rsplit = frame_base.wont_implement_method(
-      pd.core.strings.StringMethods, 'rsplit',
-      reason='non-deferred-columns')
+      if regex is False or (
+        regex is None and isinstance(pat, str) and len(pat) == 1):
+        # Treat pat as literal string
+        split_cats = [
+          cat.split(
+            sep=kwargs.get('pat'),
+            maxsplit=kwargs.get('n', -1)
+          ) for cat in dtype.categories
+        ]
+      else:
+        # Treat pat as regex
+        split_cats = [
+          re.split(
+            pattern=pat,
+            string=cat,
+            maxsplit=kwargs.get('n', 0)
+          ) for cat in dtype.categories
+        ]
+
+      max_splits = len(max(split_cats, key=len))
+      proxy = pd.DataFrame(columns=range(max_splits))
+
+      func = lambda s: pd.concat([proxy,
+        (s.str.split(pat=pat, expand=expand, regex=regex, **kwargs)
+        if not rsplit else s.str.rsplit(pat=pat, expand=expand, **kwargs))]
+      ).replace(np.nan, value=None)
+
+    return frame_base.DeferredFrame.wrap(
+        expressions.ComputedExpression(
+            'split',
+            func,
+            [self._expr],
+            proxy=proxy,
+            requires_partition_by=partitionings.Arbitrary(),
+            preserves_partition_by=partitionings.Arbitrary()))
+
+  @frame_base.with_docs_from(pd.core.strings.StringMethods)
+  @frame_base.args_to_kwargs(pd.core.strings.StringMethods)
+  def split(self, pat=None, expand=False, regex=None, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Like other non-deferred methods, dtype must be CategoricalDtype.
+    One exception is when ``expand`` is ``False``. Because we are not
+    creating new columns at construction time dtype can be `str`.
+    """
+    return self._split_helper(
+      rsplit=False, pat=pat, expand=expand, regex=regex, **kwargs)
+
+  @frame_base.with_docs_from(pd.core.strings.StringMethods)
+  @frame_base.args_to_kwargs(pd.core.strings.StringMethods)
+  def rsplit(self, pat=None, expand=False, **kwargs):

Review comment:
       `rsplit` API does not support regex as an argument even though its 
documentation 
[does](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.Series.str.rsplit.html).
 This is probably not a bug, but rather documentation inconsistency. I can file 
an issue w/ pandas.




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