sunchao commented on code in PR #4744:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion-comet/pull/4744#discussion_r4043804056


##########
native/core/src/execution/planner.rs:
##########
@@ -3670,6 +3689,134 @@ impl PhysicalPlanner {
         }
     }
 
+    fn create_high_order_function_expr(
+        &self,
+        expr: &HigherOrderFunc,
+        input_schema: SchemaRef,
+    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr>, ExecutionError> {
+        let udf = create_comet_hof_func(&expr.func_name, 
&self.session_ctx.state())?;
+
+        // 1. Plan value args.
+        let value_args: Vec<Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr>> = expr
+            .value_args
+            .iter()
+            .map(|e| self.create_expr(e, Arc::clone(&input_schema)))
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+        // 2. Resolve lambda param field types via the UDF (mirrors runtime).
+        let param_fields = Self::resolve_lambda_param_fields(
+            &udf,
+            &expr.func_name,
+            &value_args,
+            expr.lambdas.len(),
+            input_schema.as_ref(),
+        )?;
+
+        // 3. Plan lambdas with resolved param fields.
+        let lambdas: Vec<Arc<dyn PhysicalExpr>> = expr
+            .lambdas
+            .iter()
+            .zip(&param_fields)
+            .map(|(l, fields)| self.create_lambda_expr(l, &input_schema, 
fields))
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+        // 4. NOTE: assumes value args precede lambdas (holds for 
array_filter).
+        let mut args = value_args;
+        args.extend(lambdas);
+
+        Ok(Arc::new(HigherOrderFunctionExpr::try_new_with_schema(
+            udf,
+            args,
+            &input_schema,
+            Arc::new(ConfigOptions::default()),
+        )?))

Review Comment:
   [P2] Skip native predicate evaluation when there are no array elements
   
   Could the native filter return the empty/null arrays before evaluating its 
lambda when the flattened element count is zero? With ANSI enabled, Spark 
safely returns `[]` for a nonnull empty array in partition 0:
   
   ```sql
   SELECT filter(a, x -> (1 DIV spark_partition_id()) > 0)
   FROM t;
   ```
   
   I verified this with normal Spark 4.1.3 optimization and Parquet input, 
including a null-array row. The exact-head serializer admits it as a native 
HOF. `SparkPartitionIdBuilder` lowers the partition ID to a scalar literal, so 
partition 0 gives the native predicate a scalar division by zero.
   
   DataFusion's `evaluate_single_list_lambda` returns early for an all-null 
batch, but otherwise invokes the lambda even when the flattened values have 
length zero. A component reproduction using Comet's actual 
`decimal_integral_div` therefore raises `DIVIDE_BY_ZERO` on an empty array, 
whereas Spark never evaluates the predicate. The component dependencies and 
source-equivalence checks are described in the review summary; this was not a 
full Comet/JNI query run.
   
   Please preserve the row null mask in the empty-elements fast path and add a 
regression with at least one nonnull empty array. Using a nonfoldable predicate 
such as this one avoids an unrelated failure from Spark constant folding.



##########
spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/comet/serde/CometHighOrderFunction.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.comet.serde
+
+import scala.jdk.CollectionConverters._
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Attribute, 
HigherOrderFunction, LambdaFunction => SparkLambdaFunction, NamedLambdaVariable 
=> SparkNamedLambdaVariable}
+
+import org.apache.comet.CometConf
+import org.apache.comet.serde.CometHighOrderFunction.{containsJvmDispatch, 
namedLambdaVariable2Proto}
+import org.apache.comet.serde.ExprOuterClass.{HigherOrderFunc, LambdaFunction, 
NamedLambdaVariable}
+import org.apache.comet.serde.QueryPlanSerde.{exprToProtoInternal, 
serializeDataType}
+
+/**
+ * Serializer that converts Spark higher-order functions (e.g. `filter`, 
`transform`, `exists`)
+ * into Comet's protobuf representation.
+ *
+ * Path selection happens in [[convert]] and has exactly two outcomes, chosen 
in order:
+ *
+ * Native HOF proto - when 
`spark.comet.exec.higherOrderFunction.native.enabled` is set and
+ * [[highOrderFunction2Proto]] serializes the whole expression natively. The 
method returns `None`
+ * (and the HOF falls to the next path) if the HOF is structurally invalid 
(lambda functions must
+ * be `LambdaFunction`, lambda arguments must be `NamedLambdaVariable`) or if 
a lambda body
+ * contains a dispatch-only subexpression (regex, JSON, ...). Such 
subexpressions are serialized
+ * as JVM codegen dispatch nodes, which cannot bind `NamedLambdaVariable`s, so 
the lambda cannot
+ * be executed natively. A dispatch-only expression among the *value* 
arguments is fine and stays
+ * native. JVM codegen dispatch - `CometScalaUDF.emitJvmCodegenDispatch` runs 
the whole HOF
+ * (lambda included) on the JVM; `NamedLambdaVariable`s never cross this 
boundary because the
+ * lambda is evaluated by Spark's own implementation. Returns `None` when the 
dispatcher cannot
+ * handle the expression, which falls back to Spark entirely.
+ *
+ * Whether a lambda body requires dispatch is decided from the already-built 
body proto by
+ * [[CometHighOrderFunction.containsJvmDispatch]] - the body is serialized 
exactly once, and the
+ * verdict comes from the same proto that native execution would use.
+ */
+case class CometHighOrderFunction[T <: HigherOrderFunction](name: String)
+    extends CometExpressionSerde[T] {
+
+  def convert(expr: T, inputs: Seq[Attribute], binding: Boolean): 
Option[ExprOuterClass.Expr] = {
+    if (!CometConf.COMET_EXEC_HIGHER_ORDER_FUNCTION_NATIVE_ENABLED.get()) {
+      return CometScalaUDF.emitJvmCodegenDispatch(expr, inputs, binding)
+    }
+    highOrderFunction2Proto(expr, inputs, binding)
+      .orElse {
+        CometScalaUDF.emitJvmCodegenDispatch(expr, inputs, binding)
+      }
+  }
+
+  private def highOrderFunction2Proto(
+      expr: T,
+      inputs: Seq[Attribute],
+      binding: Boolean): Option[ExprOuterClass.Expr] = {
+    val argumentsProto = expr.arguments.map(exprToProtoInternal(_, inputs, 
binding))
+    val functionsProto = expr.functions
+      .map {
+        case slf: SparkLambdaFunction =>
+          exprToProtoInternal(slf.function, inputs, binding)

Review Comment:
   [P2] Preserve conditional evaluation when serializing lambda bodies
   
   Could this conversion preserve Spark's conditional evaluation, or decline 
the native HOF cleanly when a speculative conversion would throw? With ANSI 
enabled and a Parquet column `a` containing `[-1, 0]`, Spark 4.1.3 returns `[]` 
for:
   
   ```sql
   SELECT filter(a, x -> CASE WHEN x > 0
     THEN CAST('bad' AS INT) > 0 ELSE false END)
   FROM t;
   ```
   
   Spark's normal optimizer retains the cast inside the guarded branch. The new 
traversal of `slf.function` reaches `CometCast.convert`, which calls 
`cast.eval()` for a literal child. That throws `CAST_INVALID_INPUT` during 
serialization even though no element takes that branch. The exception escapes 
before the fallback in `convert` can run.
   
   I reproduced this through the exact-head public `QueryPlanSerde.exprToProto` 
entry point using the optimized Spark expression. With 
`spark.comet.exec.higherOrderFunction.native.enabled=false`, the same 
expression emits JVM dispatch successfully. The base implementation also 
dispatched the whole general filter without traversing its lambda. Please add 
an ANSI regression with a guarded error and input that does not take the 
failing branch.



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