In a message dated: Mon, 08 Oct 2001 14:22:14 EDT
Brian Chabot said:

>I have an odd question related to network performance...
>
>In general, do most current Linux NIC drivers default to full-duplex or
>half-duplex?

Well, in theory, I think it depends upon the protocol, but I think in 
general, the cards will auto-negotiate with whatever network 
equipment they're connected to.

The 10Mb ethernet spec I believe calls for 10Mb HD, whereas the 100Mb 
spec calls for 100Mb FD.  I'm not sure what the 1000Mb calls for, but 
I would imagine that it would be FD as well.

Additionally, any of them *can* be run in both FD and HD provided the 
media (i.e. cabling) and network gear are capable of doing so.

10Mb ethernet is traditionally HD I think because the media at that 
time was co-axial cable, which was only capable of HD.  Once you move 
to UTP (or multi-mode fiber), though, you now have 2 channels for the
datastream to travel over, thus allowing for FD connectivity.

So, you could easily (again, in theory) have 1 NIC[1] in your Linux
box and move the system from a 10Mb HD network to a 100Mb FD network
and, in theory, the OS wouldn't know, because all that negotiation
is performed at the physical layer of the NIC itself.

[1]  This is assuming you can find a 10/100Mb ethernet *combo* card 
which comes with both BNC or AUI *and* UTP ports on it.  These "combo"
cards were quite abundant a few years back when 10Mb ethernet was
considered "State of the Art", however since UTP has pretty much 
taken over everywhere but where fiber makes more sense, I don't think 
anyone is still manufacturing combo cards!

So, to make a long answer a little longer, I don't think the Linux drivers
are responsible for either the 10 vs 100 Mb or the HD vs FD 
negotiation of a network connection, it's all done at the physical 
layer between the card and the equipment it's connected to.

That being said, auto-negotiation is a horrible and bug-ridden spec.  
And it's not uncommon at all to see a card at one end negotiation a 
100Mb HD connection while the switch at the other end thinks it 
should be using a 100Mb FD connection.  I've even seen a 10Mb FD to 
100Mb HD negotiation before!

It seems the worst occurences take place when connecting Bay/Nortel 
Networks switches to Cisco switches/routers.  Could just be me :)

Hope that helps, and if someone who knows more about the ethernet 
device drivers than I can correct me, I'd be quite grateful :)


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