As stated earlier, by 1760 the Portuguese stay i n India was already
two and half centuries old.  The territories they had occupied so far
were the three talukas of Ilhas , Bardez and Salcete. Wih the
annexation  of seven more talukas  in the late eighteen century two
new terms appeared on the Goan scene Velhas Conquistas ( the three old
talukas ) aand the Novas Conquistas (  the seven new additions )  I
think it would be more appropriate  to call the three old talukas  as
the original Goa.

Around 1757 King Dom Jose of Portugal finally opened his eyes and
decided that something had to be done  to reward the mestisso
community in Goa. After all the mestissos and their Portuguese
ancestors were instrumental in maintaining  Portuguese suzerainty over
Goa for so long.  Hence Portuguese metropolitan citizenship  was
offered to them by the issue of a Royal Edict.  That the neo high
castes  took full advantage of it  is another story altogether. The
original  high castes  had fled to the Novas Conquistas  with their
idols , didn't they ?

Fr. Charles Borges, S.J.  former Director of Xavier Centre  for
Historical Research in Goa wrote an article entitled '' The College of
St. Paul and Jesuit Education in Goa ''  :::   By 1556 the college had
 an international flavour about it  with one hundred and ten students
listed on the rolls as being either Portuguese, Armenians , Mestissos,
Castissos, Keralites, Gujratis, Bengalis and Chinese. :::::

The word mestisso has already been explained before.  But I thing the
word Castisso  need a bit of clarification .  Even today in the Hindu
society, caste people ( castissos )  mean those belonging  to the
''twice born''castes . But I doubt, whether the missionaries who
arrived in Goa  during sixteen and seventeen centuries, were familiar
with  the theory of re-incarnation on which the caste system is based.
 It ( castisso )  may have  sounded all mumbo jumbo  to them unlike 
the Anglican churchmen and other sociologists  of the nineteen century
 (  collectively known as the Orientalists )  who made a deep study of
the Dharmic literature and translated the Sanskrit works in English
language.  The Portuguese missionaries may have accepted the term
castisso  in their lexicon  without knowing what the term actually
meant.  I am sure,  the ecclesiastics at the Inquisition Office would
not have tolerated  this term either,  had they known  that castisso
reeked so blatantly of heresy from the viewpoint of Christianity.

When sea travel became safe,  the Portuguese brought their families 
who settled down in Goa  and some extended their stay  for 2 or 3
generations to come.  These familie were known as Descendentes and
they were not well disposed towards mestissos   When i was studying in
Liceu, there were a couple of fair looking students who had relatives
on the darker side. They resented on being called Mestissos because by
then  Mestisso had become a derrogatory term.  Towards the end of the
colonial era ,  there were hardly any mestissos left in Goa.

It would appear that nowhere else in India, not even in Varanasi where
old pious brahmins congregate and wish to die on the banks of the
river Ganga in order to escape  the clutches of reincarnation, there
is such a large concentration  of high castes  as it is found in the
original Goa of the Portuguese.  It is possible to avoid the stigma of
being a mestisso, they may have slowly assismilated in the neo high
castes. The latter whose skin  normally wore the colour of midnight
might have accepted as marriage partners  to have children of lighter
shade..  As the old saying goes :  Na natureza nao se perde nada, tude
se transforma  (concluded)

antonio.

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