OPEN India open defecation is rampant, wide spread habit also borne out of necessity and practice It is not poverty alone as many such poor households own puca units in U.P Bihar , TV sets , mobiles, which are a priority, besides rich farmers in Harayana and Punjab too use open defecation .Open defecation puts women , girls at risk of rapes, molestation and murders as they have to venture out only in the dark, but it is felt healthier to than having toilets at home and those with Govt , constructed facility do likewise O.D is due to no behavior change in the centuries old habit. Girls do not go to schools, because of lack of toilet facilities. Most of Govt run middle and primary schools have no toilets, though they are rigoursly enforced in private institutions. Hence it is an attitude problem to the use toilets. The costs of health, spreading of diseases, have impact on well being and personality. The society at large desires to end O.D because of pride, dignity, health, safety and hence the present focus must assure universal change in centuries old behaviourial change and attitudes.Then water provision and maintenance is another issue, judging by state of public pay toilets The statistics and Govt. intervention of subsidies, their misuse is alarming. India shamefully leads the world in OD with 600 millions every day, amounting to staggering 60% of OD in the world and more than Africa. The Central rural sanitation 1986-99 and total sanitation campaign( TSC) 1999-2012 and Nirmal Bharat Abyan (NBA) have not made perceptible dent too Rural toilets have increased by 10% to 31% and at this rate it will take 70 yrs plus. Govt .statstics show 68% toilets, but as usual due to huge corruption 60 million were nonexistent in 2011 census Instead of increasing porous subsidies. The Govt. could provide cheap material for constructions, target those who deceitfully release subsidies after false certification and enforce compulsory time bound toilets in all institutions whether private or Govt or aided. Govt. in false belief has raised subsidies from 10K to 15K to individual,35K to 54K for School,8K to 20K for Anganwadi , and 2 lakhs to 6 lakhs for community complex Nelson Lopes Chinchinim
