To encourage Dr. Michael's work undertaken with great zeal and effort, the Goa
Remonstrancewill continue this Christmas with the support extended to him last
year. He is a simply amazingperson who never seems to give up: shades of Cecil
Pinto. The Remonstrance gave Karwar/Kumta Diocese two lacs this year.
r
Dr Michael Lobo
Camelot, Bijey Church Road
Mangalore 575 004, India
By contrast, the creation of the Apostolic Vicariate of Mangalore nearly 100
years earlier took the form of a struggle for independence from the
jurisdiction of its parent diocese (Goa), whose loyalties were to the Crown of
Portugal and not to Rome.
Padroado is a Portuguese word meaning ‘patronage’; the expression arose
because, in the 16th century, the Pope granted the Crown of Portugal a monopoly
of the patronage of the missions in India and the East Indies. In other words,
it was up to the King or Queen of Portugal to select and sponsor bishops and
other ecclesiastics for the Catholic missions in these areas; vice versa,
missionaries in these areas were expected to obtain permission from the Crown
of Portugal, and in practice permission was only granted to Portuguese
subjects. These privileges were justified in the 16th century, when the
Portuguese were the paramount power in the East, but as its power waned, the
Crown of Portugal was no longer able to do justice to the missions that it had
founded. In India, the three oldest bishoprics were Goa (1534), Cochin (1557),
and Mylapore (1606), but the Crown of Portugal was only able to provide support
for Goa. Cochin fell to the Dutch, who destroyed the Portuguese churches in
the mid 17th century – and the Holy See (the papacy) founded a new bishopric at
Verapoly, a little to the north. It was India’s first bishopric of
non-Portuguese origin – and was known as a ‘vicariate’.
ThePropaganda Fide (Propagation of the Faith) was the Papal Department
concerned with mission activity. Dissatisfied with thePadroado, it began
sending its own missionaries to India – notably Carmelites, Capuchins, and
Jesuits. The 1830s saw the foundation of three new vicariates: Madras (1832),
Calcutta (1834), and Ceylon (1836). The Apostolic Vicariate of Madras replaced
the older diocese of Mylapore that had fallen into disuse. By the mid 19th
century, the Archdiocese of Goa was the last stronghold of thePadroado.
Another point worthy of note is that when the Apostolic Vicariate of Mangalore
was created in 1845, it extended north as far as Karwar (on the border with
Goa) and also incorporated the entire district of the Malabar down to the
border with the Kingdom of Travancore. On the east it extended into the
Western Ghats.
And by a decision taken at the Vatican in 1886, the District of North Kanara
was ‘returned’ to Goa, while, ironically, Mangalore was now ‘promoted’ as a
Diocese. So too were 17 other Apostolic Vicariates in India, including Bombay,
Calcutta, and Madras.
Michael Lobo
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