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The book by A.J.Barker was republished recently under a new title: 'The 
First Iraq War,'  although the original in 1965 was 'The Neglected War.'
 Why Turkish Mesopotamia in 1915: the arguements were complex, but it all 
boiled down to oil !
There was a need to add a new front to the German war in France, and stop the 
planned railroad from Berlin to Baghdad, one that would supply the inevitable 
invasion of Persia and India. What was paramount, however, was protection 
of Imperial Oil's Ahwaz/Abadan oil complex in the Persian protectorate, and so 
an army drawn from India seized territory around Basra in 1915.
  Now you cannot hold a good soldier back, and Baghdad beckoned. Soon Gen. 
Townshend, commander of the 6th Poona Division had taken Amarna, and Nasriya 
followed. Only Kut,on the Tigris stood in the way to the big prize. There, 
Townshend hoped to repeat his famouf feat in Chitral, where he had forced back 
an Afghan siege in 1895. Heavily outgunned by the Turks, poorly supplied by 
both Simla and Whitehall, he surrendered along with 13,000 men, most of whom 
would not survive their harsh Turkish captivity.
  There was a public outcry in London, and soon a counterattack was planned by 
the new C/C, Gen. Stanley Maude, with a huge new Indian force. The units 
included the 2nd Poona Div., the 3rd Lahore Div., the 67th Punjabis, 7th 
Rajputs, 51st Sikhs, 2nd Gurkhas, 7th Meerut and Brigades of Dogras, Hariana 
Lancers, Jats and Bengals. Six thousand mules and horses were transported on 
the armed river boats Sushan, Julnar, Sumana and Shaitan(!). Turkey surrendered 
after two years of hard fighting to the piping sound of their band's 'God Save 
the Queen !'
  Here is Barker's post script: Divisions of the Indian Corps had seen hard 
fighting in France and Flanders fought under heartbreaking conditions and 
accepted monstrous casualties. As was well said in an official telegram "They 
did all that flesh and blood could do."
  He goes on to add: Half a million Indians fought and brought new freedom to a 
nation to be called Iraq; to shatter the German dream of an empire in the 
Orient, over thirty thousand of them died in the desert wastes.
  Dr. Jose Siqueira of the 17th Mahrattas, returned to many years 
Aldona service with his young Basra born Russo/German wife after 
demobilization.  Selma/Fred - I knew Donna Lucia well, and she spoke flawless 
Konkani, to the end, 1975.


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