Step 1: Translate it into Maths.
There is a 2-dimensional array of n x m bits. You are given the values of k of 
those bits. Calculate the number of ways (modulo 10^9) of filling those other 
nm-k bits so that each 2x2 subsquare contains an odd number of bits. n, m and k 
are bounded above by 10^5.

or, even more mathsy:

Find the number of solutions (modulo 10^9) of:
   0 <= a[i,j] <= 1 for all 0<=i<n and 0<=j<m,
   a[i,j]+a[i,j+1]+a[i+1,j]+a[i+1,j+1]=1 (mod 2) for all 0<=i<n-2, 0<=j<m-2
   given k values of a[i,j].


On 30 Apr 2012, at 05:58, Registered user <[email protected]> wrote:

> 
> Problem Statement
> It was not very long after the Captain Jack Sparrow returned from his
> quest from the Fountain of Youth, when he heard rumours about the
> treasure that Blackbeard had hidden. It was said that the treasure
> being talked about was the most precious treasure of all times. He and
> Gibbs set out to find the truth about the treasure and the treasure
> itself, if it existed.
> 
> After a lot of hard work, he found that the rumours were actually
> true. The treasure was still safely hidden somewhere near the Bristol,
> the birthplace of Blackbeard. But it was also said that Blackbeard had
> taken extreme precautions and used his extensive skills of dark magic
> to hide the treasure safely.
> 
> Captain Jack Sparrow recalled that Blackbeard was famous not only
> because of his notoriety, but also for his wits. Legend has it that he
> went undefeated in the famous game named Odd It Out. The game consists
> of a matrix and to win, it is required to fill the matrix with two
> colours such that no 2x2 square has even number of any colour. Jack
> Sparrow knew that it would not be easy to get to the treasure.
> 
> After days of exploration, Captain Jack Sparrow and Gibbs finally find
> some remnants of Blackbeard's belongings in a long deserted
> island.They proceed for a mile or so, when they face the entrance to a
> dark and formidable cave. They go inside the cave, but mysteriously,
> the mouth of the cave closes and they are trapped inside. They have no
> other option but to continue into the cave till the either end of the
> cave or their life! After some time, they arrive in a well lit
> antechamber. Captain Jack Sparrow immediately spots the engraving in
> the wall, that said – “T’ treasure you look for, lies close t’ you.
> But advance only those who be smart enough. Odd it Out and prove
> yourselves worthy o’ me treasure. I have already done some work for
> ya. Completin’ t’ puzzle be not a difficult task, my friend! But if
> you tell me t’ number o’ ways in which you can complete t’ puzzle,
> without disturbin’ ma design, t’ gates to your fortune will open, if
> not, death awaits you. Think wisely as time is short.”
> 
> They find an n*m matrix drawn on ground, with some square and some
> triangular rocks already arranged at some positions. They understood
> that the two different rocks resemble the two colours. As Captain Jack
> Sparrow, your task is to report the number of ways to complete the
> puzzle modulo 10^9 to get to the treasure.
> 
> Input
> The first line of the input has three inputs, n, m and k, the number
> of rows, number of columns of the table and the number of initially
> placed rocks. The next k lines contains data about the initially
> placed rocks. The ith line of this section contains three integers x,y
> and s, where x and y are the row number and the column number of the
> ith rock and s is the shape of the rock. s is 0, if the rock is a
> square one and 1 if triangular. It is given that the k cells have
> distinct positions.
> 
> Output
> Report the number of ways of completing the puzzle modulo 10^9
> 
> Constraints
> For the initial configuration,
> 1 <= x <= n and 1 <= y <= m
> 2 <= n,m <= 10^5
> 0 <= k <= 10^5
> 
> Sample Input
> 3 4 3
> 2 2 1
> 1 2 0
> 2 3 1
> 
> Sample Output
> 8 
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