I/II.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-japan-sign-landmark-civil-nuclear-deal/story-fAcudM7CEHut5qu6rbhPVI.html

India, Japan sign landmark civil nuclear deal
PTI, Tokyo |  Updated: Nov 11, 2016 16:51 IST

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is shakes hands with Japan's Prime
Minister Shinzo Abe at the start of their meeting at Abe's official
residence in Tokyo, Japan. (Reuters Photo)

India and Japan on Friday signed a landmark civil nuclear cooperation
deal after talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his
counterpart Shinzo Abe, a move that will boost bilateral economic and
security ties and facilitate US-based players to set up atomic plants
in India.

The two countries had reached a broad agreement for cooperation in
civil nuclear energy sector during Abe’s visit to India in December
last year, but the deal was yet to be signed as some issues were yet
to be worked out.

“A landmark deal for a cleaner, greener world! PM @narendramodi and PM
@AbeShinzo witness exchange of the landmark Civil Nuclear Agreement,”
external affairs ministry spokesperson Vikas Swarup tweeted on Friday.

View image on TwitterView image on TwitterView image on Twitter
 Follow
 Vikas Swarup ✔ @MEAIndia
A landmark deal for a cleaner, greener world! PM @narendramodi and PM
@AbeShinzo witness exchange of the landmark Civil Nuclear Agreement
4:01 PM - 11 Nov 2016
  544 544 Retweets   1,103 1,103 likes

The deal would allow Japan to export nuclear technology to India,
making it the first non-NPT signatory to have such a deal with Tokyo.
It would also cement the bilateral economic and security ties as the
two countries warm up to counter an assertive China.

There was political resistance in Japan - the only country to suffer
atomic bombings during World War II - against a nuclear deal with
India, particularly after the disaster at the Fukushima Nuclear Power
Plant in 2011.

Read | India aims to be world’s most open economy: PM Modi in Japan
Japan is a major player in the nuclear energy market and an atomic
deal with it will make it easier for US-based nuclear plant makers
Westinghouse Electric Corporation and GE Energy Inc to set up atomic
plants in India as both these conglomerates have Japanese investments.

Other nations who have signed civil nuclear deal with India include
the US, Russia, South Korea, Mangolia, France, Namibia, Argentina,
Canada, Kazakhstan and Australia.

II.
http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/modi-abe-sign-historic-civil-nuclear-pact-what-it-means-for-india/story-VDilKdev7mbgfaxMszSnzK.html

Modi, Abe seal historic civil nuclear pact: What it means for India
Jayanth Jacob, Hindustan Times, New Delhi |  Updated: Nov 11, 2016 17:46 IST

Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
during his ceremonial welcome in Tokyo on Friday. (PTI Photo)

After almost six years of protracted negotiations, India and Japan on
Friday signed a pact on civil nuclear cooperation. This is the first
pact Japan has entered with a country that is not a signatory to the
Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

The deal would help speed up India’s civil nuclear cooperation with
the US. Though a US-based firm, Westinghouse is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Japanese firm Toshiba. Japan, the only country to
have ever come under a nuclear attack, has remained wary of signing a
pact with India, a non NPT country.

After five years of discussions two sides concluded the pact last year
and it was signed on Friday after the annual summit meeting between
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Japanese counterpart, Shinzo Abe.

Japanese companies are world leaders in nuclear technology and most
nuclear power plant equipment-makers, barring the Russians, are
dependent on them.

Japan has a near monopoly over making reactor vessel with Japan Steel
Works (JSW) leading the pack. In the fray are Chinese state-owned
China First Heavy Industries, Creusot Forge, a subsidiary of France’s
Areva group, Russia’s OMZ Izhora but JSW accounts for over 75% of the
business globally.

If Westinghouse is a Toshiba- subsidiary and even a General Electric
reactor core is built by Hitachi. In other words, a pact with Japan
would help the process of signing a nuclear cooperation agreement
other countries easier.

The Japanese have upper hand in nuclear fuel fabrication and breeder
technology. And the pact with Japan helps India advance the technology
cooperation with Japan. A pact with Japan helps India bolster its
non-proliferation credentials. Japan approving of Indian credentials
is a shot in the arm for the country to stress on its
non-proliferation track record when it is pulling out all stops to get
an entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).
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Peace Is Doable

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