I/II.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38202669

Austria far-right candidate Norbert Hofer defeated in presidential poll
2 hours ago
 From the section Europe

"Infinitely sad" - Norbert Hofer admits defeat

Far-right candidate Norbert Hofer has lost Austria's presidential election.
On Facebook, he described himself as "infinitely sad" and
congratulated Alexander Van der Bellen, former head of the Greens, on
his victory.
Mr Van der Bellen, 72, won with about 53% of the votes - a projection,
as postal ballots are still being counted.
Although the post is ceremonial in Austria, the poll had been seen as
a sign of how well populist candidates might do elsewhere in Europe.
Mr Van der Bellen called the result a vote for a "pro-European"
Austria based on "freedom, equality and solidarity".
Referring to the Austrian flag, he said a "red-white-red signal of
hope and change, a red-white-red signal today goes from Austria to all
the capitals of the European Union.
"Finally, you know, I will try to be an open-minded, a liberal-minded
and first of all a pro-European federal president of the Republic of
Austria."
Sunday's vote was a rerun of May's election, which Mr Van der Bellen
narrowly won, but it was marred by postal vote irregularities.

Media caption"I will try to be an open-minded, a liberal minded, and
first of all a pro-European federal president" - Van der Bellen
His margin in May - 30,000 votes - had now increased tenfold.
But Mr Hofer's nationalist Austrian Freedom Party (FPOe) remains a
formidable force in Austrian politics. His 46.7% was the best national
result to date for the FPOe.
The party's leader Heinz-Christian Strache, said: "Yesterday we wrote
history!" and "Our time is coming!"
Austria's next general election is set for 2018, though it might be
brought forward.
'Choosing Europe'
EU leaders welcomed Mr Van der Bellen's victory, which comes amid a
populist challenge to established parties in much of Europe.
European Council President Donald Tusk conveyed "wholehearted
congratulations" while Germany's Social Democrat Vice-Chancellor,
Sigmar Gabriel, called the result "a clear victory for reason against
right-wing populism".
French President Francois Hollande thanked Austria for "choosing
Europe and openness".
France, the Netherlands and Germany all face elections next year in
which anti-mainstream and anti-immigration parties are gaining ground.
Nationalist surge challenges Europe
Relief, for now: Analysis by Katya Adler, BBC Europe Editor
The sigh of relief at the outcome of Austria's presidential election
was very loud indeed in Brussels with most European leaders delighted
that the EU and establishment-friendly, internationalist-minded Mr Van
der Bellen will become president.
But voters in Austria - as across much of Europe and in the US - were
divided. There weren't many percentage points between the presidential
candidates. So there will be disappointment tonight, too, amongst
those who support a more nationalist-minded, anti-globalisation,
immigration-limiting point of view.
If we've learnt one thing from Brexit and the US elections, it's that
voters are in an unpredictable mood. Anti-establishment sentiment is
on the rise, but election victories for Europe's so-called populists
are far from inevitable.
Opinion polls before Sunday's vote had suggested a tighter margin
between the two rivals.
The election campaign was bitter - the candidates traded insults and
some election posters were defaced.
Supporters of the independent candidate in Austria's presidential
election, Alexander van der Bellen, celebrate his victory, 4 December
2016Image copyrightAFP
Image caption
Infinitely glad - Alexander Van der Bellen's supporters in Vienna as
his victory became clear
Mr Hofer conceded within minutes of the first projections in this rerun.
He thanked supporters and described himself as "infinitely sad that it
hasn't worked out". He called on all Austrians to work together,
"regardless of how we cast our ballots".
Press sees Austria avoiding turmoil - BBC Monitoring:
Papers in Austria concentrate on the domestic fall-out of Alexander
Van der Bellen's election.
The Kronen-Zeitung says voters rejected a "massive change of the
political system", but it advises Mr Van der Bellen to seek "honest
reconciliation".
Writing in Die Presse, Oliver Pink says "everything will stay the
same" and that "Europe's interest in Austria will wane quickly".
But in Germany and France there is wider comment on what the result
means for Europe.
Nikolas Busse argues in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung that Mr Van
der Bellen's victory seems to rebut the "new domino theory" that one
Western country after another will fall into the hands of right-wing
populists.
Myriam Detruy, writing in Le Figaro, calls Mr Van der Bellen a
"pro-European" whose election has made the possibility of an Austrian
exit from the EU much more distant.
Mr Hofer had campaigned on an anti-immigration platform, amid anxiety
in Austria following last year's huge influx of refugees.
He had also suggested Austria could follow Britain's vote to leave the
EU with a referendum of its own, but later appeared to backtrack,
suggesting instead changing the bloc into a purely economic
association.
The leader of France's anti-immigration National Front (FN), Marine Le
Pen, congratulated the Freedom Party on its campaign and looked
forward to victory in Austria's parliamentary poll.
Nearly 6.5 million Austrians were eligible to vote.
Profiles
Alexander Van der Bellen
Alexander Van der Bellen in Vienna, 22 MayImage copyrightAFP
Age: 72
Background: Economics professor
Politics: Former Green Party leader
On Trump: "His campaign style, the sexist attacks were unacceptable.
As regards content he has raised concerns - let's give him several
months"
On immigration: "I want a liberal, cosmopolitan Austria. What I do
object to is lifting the old borders"
Norbert Hofer
Norbert Hofer in Pinkafeld, Austria, 22 MayImage copyrightEPA
Age: 45
Background: Aeronautical engineer
Politics: Far-right Freedom Party
On Trump: "I'm no Trump fan, but I do have high hopes of improved
relations with Russia."
On Germany's decision to open its doors to refugees: "I say we're not
managing. It was a major mistake that has inflicted massive costs on
the entire EU, as well as Austria and taxpayers."

II.
http://readersupportednews.org/news-section2/318-66/40661-italian-prime-minister-resigns-in-blow-to-european-establishment

Italian Prime Minister Resigns in Blow to European Establishment
By Michael Birnbaum and Anthony Faiola, The Washington Post
05 December 16

Europe’s embattled political establishment lost another round Sunday
in its effort to thwart the anti-elite movement, as Italian Prime
Minister Matteo Renzi resigned after voters rejected his
constitutional reforms. But a center-left presidential candidate in
Austria handily defeated his far-right challenger.

The thorough rejection of Renzi’s referendum to streamline lawmaking
was a significant boost for the country’s surging populist forces just
weeks after Donald Trump prevailed in the United States. Renzi’s loss
also risks unleashing financial upheaval in Europe’s third-largest
economy as Italy’s weak banks struggle to contain the fallout.

But the surprisingly strong presidential victory in Austria for an
elder statesman formerly of the Green Party suggested there were still
some limits to a wave of anti-elite anger that began in June with
Britain’s vote to leave the European Union and continued with Trump’s
victory last month.

A populist takeover of Italy is still an uncertain prospect, since
Renzi’s center-left Democratic Party remains in control of Parliament
and national elections do not have to be called until 2018. But much
will depend on the makeup of the next government and how
anti-immigrant, Euroskeptic parties capitalize on their success.

“I have not managed to reach victory,” an emotional Renzi said early
Monday, conceding defeat at the Palazzo Chigi, his official residence.
“My government ends today.”

 With 90 percent of ballots counted, 60 percent of voters rejected the
reform, a drubbing that far outpaced opinion polls ahead of the
referendum.

Viewed narrowly, Sunday’s vote was actually in favor of the status
quo, since the constitution will now remain unchanged. But the
referendum to streamline the political system and diminish the role of
the Senate long ago turned into a broader vote of confidence in Renzi,
the youthful, Twitter-loving leader who portrayed himself as a lone
warrior against Euroskeptic forces. Renzi, who took office in February
2014, always struggled to budge unemployment and improve the economy.

The lead opposition to Renzi, the insurgent Five Star Movement, ran a
spirited campaign against the prime minister’s reforms, joining forces
with an unlikely cross-section of allies, including some in Renzi’s
own party. Many establishment politicians also questioned whether the
reforms truly made sense as the country contends with grim prospects
for growth and a wave of migration from Africa. Some said the changes
were poorly written and, by removing checks on the prime minister’s
power, could actually enable populists should they ever win the
country’s top job.

Italy, which has had 63 governments in the past 70 years, is no
stranger to political chaos. What comes next will depend partially on
Italian President Sergio Mattarella, who is charged with picking a new
person to try to form a government, as well as with deciding whether
to hold early elections. Elections are a key demand from the Five Star
Movement, which is running a close second to Renzi’s party in the
polls.

There may also be economic consequences, with Italy’s shaky banks
teetering amid the uncertainty. The euro dropped 1 percent against the
dollar in early Asian trading following Renzi’s resignation, but many
financial analysts cautioned against panic.

In the wake of Renzi’s resignation, Italy’s mainstream political
parties are likely to change voting laws to make it more difficult to
rule without a wide coalition, diluting the possibility that an
insurgent force could seize power in the next elections . That would
be a further check against the Five Star Movement, although it would
also further entrench Italy’s general political dysfunction.

Renzi’s anti-establishment opponents were trying to capitalize on a
wave of skepticism about the ability of elites to deal with
globalization and the long, painful effects of the economic crisis
that started nearly a decade ago. Trump’s victory last month cheered
the Five Star Movement, an insurgent anti-euro force that has support
on the left and the right.

“Today the arrogance that’s remained in power these last years has
lost,” said Luigi Di Maio, who is expected to be the party’s candidate
for prime minister in the next election. “So ends the era of shortcuts
and tweets.”

Sunday’s votes in Austria and Italy  captured the extent to which
Europeans are as politically polarized as Americans, split on issues
including immigration and free trade.

In Austria, the far-right Freedom Party’s Norbert Hofer conceded the
election on his Facebook page less than 30 minutes after polls closed;
projections showed a surprisingly strong lead for independent
Alexander Van der Bellen. The 72-year-old statesman and former Green
Party politician was winning by 53.3 percent to 46.7 percent with
nearly 100 percent of the votes counted.

The result was an unexpectedly clear victory for Austria’s beleaguered
political establishment — one suggesting that the aggressive tactics
and Trump-style campaign deployed by the Austrian far-right may have
hurt more than they helped.

Sunday’s election, in fact, was a rerun of one in May in which Hofer
lost by 31,000 votes, a result he successfully contested. His defeat
on Sunday by a far larger margin, observers said, may suggest European
voters’ unease with the comparisons of their politicians to Trump. It
also seemed to rob the momentum from far-right leaders in France and
the Netherlands who have called Trump’s victory part of a new “world
order” they hope to join in elections next year.

Following Hofer’s concession, he and Van der Bellen exchanged a long
handshake for photographers in the Vienna studios of Austrian state
broadcaster ORF. Van der Bellen credited his victory to a “broad
movement” backing “freedom, equality and solidarity.” His campaign
manager, Lothar Lockl, saw the margin as evidence of a push against
the nationalist tide by moderates.

“A movement could be evolving here, which is not only for Austria, but
can also bring about a change of attitude in the whole of Europe,” he
said.

The race for the president’s ceremonial role held  high stakes. The
position is constitutionally ambiguous, yet Hofer, who has decried
Muslim immigration and free trade, vowed to beef it up — setting up a
clash with the center-left government and the European Union. Freedom
Party supporters on Sunday had hoped for a “Trump bump” — but it
bumped the wrong way.

“The Trump bump could always go either way,” said Reinhard Heinisch, a
political scientist at the University of Salzburg. “The fact is, Trump
is not very popular in Austria.”

Hofer’s campaign in Austria seemed to echo Trump’s, with far-right
outlets spreading damaging fake news and Hofer and his surrogates
taking aim at red herrings such as his opponent’s health. There were
more allegations of dirty tricks on election day.

On Sunday, Austria’s domestic intelligence service launched an
investigation into a mass text message that stated that only Hofer
voters should show up because polling stations were overcrowded. Van
der Bellen supporters, the text said, should instead vote Monday —
although polls would be closed by then, according to the Austrian
daily Der Standard.

The race was perhaps more important as a bellwether of post-Trump
voter trends in Europe, where nationalists are poised to stage potent
2017 campaigns in France, Germany and the Netherlands. A Hofer victory
would have potentially signaled the new electability of the far right.
Indeed, the Freedom Party sought to leverage Hofer’s guy-next-door
demeanor that seemed to take the bite out of his harshest
condemnations, such as that “Islam is not part of Austria.”

Still, while portraying himself as the face of a reformed far right,
he persisted in courting a more extreme base. For instance, he wore a
cornflower lapel pin — a symbol of German nationalism also used by the
Nazis. Hofer on Sunday called for national unity following his defeat.
Yet within his party, the attacks were already flying. The Freedom
Party’s powerful chairman, Heinz-Christian Strache, accused Hofer’s
opponents of running a “massive fear campaign,” saying Green Party
supporters of Van der Bellen had painted Hofer as “a Nazi.”


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