*TARIHIN ICINDEN* *Naci Kaptan * ** ** *SYKES-PICOT GİZLİ ANLAŞMASI VE EVRELER* * *
*Mayıs 1916 tarihinde (I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında), İngiltere ve Fransa arasında yapılan ve Türkiye'nin Orta Doğu topraklarının paylaşılmasını öngören gizli antlaşmadır.* * * *Mavi kesim Fransız sömürgesi; gri kesim Fransız Mandası.* * * *1915'te Arabistan Yarımadası'nı ele geçiren İngiltere, Türkiyeye karşı ayaklanan * *Mekke Şerifi Hüseyin'i destekleyerek Irak ve Filistin toprakları üzerinde kendisine * *bağımlı bir Arap devleti kuracaktı. * * * *Mekke Şerifi Hüseyin ile Mısır'daki İngiliz Yüksek Komutanı McMahon arasında böyle bir * *antlaşma gizli olarak imzalanmıştır. Fransa böyle bir plana karşı çıkıp İngiltere'ye baskı * *yaparak yeni bir antlaşma yapılmasını istedi. Rusya'nın onayı ile imzalanan bu * *antlaşmaya göre;* *Rusya'ya, Trabzon, Erzurum, Van ve Bitlis ile Güneydoğu Anadolu'nun bir kısmı,* * * *Fransa'ya, Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi, Adana, Antep, Urfa, Diyarbakır, Musul ile Suriye kıyıları, * * * *İngiltere'ye Hayfa ve Akka limanları, Bağdat ile Güney Mezopotamya verilecektir. * *Fransa ile İngiltere'nin elde ettiği topraklarda Arap devletleri konfederasyonu veya Fransız ve İngiliz denetiminde tek bir Arap devleti kurulacak,* *İskenderun serbest liman olacak,* * * *Filistin'de, kutsal yerleşim yeri olması nedeniyle bir uluslararası yönetim kurulacaktır. 1917 devriminden sonra Rusya antlaşmadan vazgeçmiş, Lenin gizli olan bu anlaşmayı dünya kamuoyuna açıklamıştır.* *tanzimat fermanı gazetesi** * * * * * ** ** *SYKES-PICOT GİZLİ ANLAŞMASI VE EVRELER - Sykes-Picot Agreement- ( Arapçadan Tercüme)* * * *Ingiliz Ve Fransiz Hükümeti Kendi Aralarinda Arap Bölgelerini Parçalamaya Karar Vermişlerdir Osmanlidan Koparmadan önce,tarih 15-17 Mart 1916 da bu Anlaşma Gizliydi,ingilizlerin Adina Marc Syks,fransizlarin Adina Ise Corj Picot Imza Atti, Bu Anlaşmayada Syks-picot Anlaşmasi Denildi.* *Içerigi şöyle;* * 1- Kirmizi Alan:1.haritada Görüldügü Gibi,bu Alan Direkt Ingilizlerin Kontrolunda Olacaktir.bagdat,basra,kerbela Necef şimdiki Irak Topraklarinda,ayrica Güney Süriyeden Ise Tiğri ,hayfe,akke Olacak.* * * *2-mavi Alan:haritada Görüldügü Gibi,bu Alan Direkt Fransizlarin Kontrolunda Olacaktir. kilikya(adana),diyarbakir,urfa.bati Süriye,* * * *3-bölgesi: Fransa Kontolunda Arap Devleti,şam,halep,musuldan Teşkil Eder, projelerde Vemahalli Yönetime Destekte,yabanci Müsteşar Veyetenekli Mamurlar Vermeye Yetkilidir.* * * *4-(b)bölgesi:ingiliz Kontolunda Arap Devleti.filistin Ve”ürdün Dogusu”irak Parçasindan Oluşacaktir ,projelerde Ve mahalli Yönetime Destekte,yabanci Müsteşar Ve yetenekli Memurlar Vermeye Yetkilidir.* *5-giri Bölge:uluslararsi Himayede Olur(sovetler Birligi)istişare Eder,* *bu Konuda Rusyadan Destek Alinir.* *suriyanin Güneyini Kapsar,yani”bugunkü Kuzey Filistin. 25 Nisan 1920 De Mütefik Devletler Yüksek Konseyi,ingilizlerin Irak Ve Filistine. * *Fransizlarin Ise Suriye Ve Lubnani,ayni Zamanda Bu Tarihten Bir Gün önce 24 Nisan 1920 Syks Picot Anlaşmasinda Tadilat Yapilip Musulu Ingilizlere Birakildi. Bu Değişiklikten Dogan Olaydan Dolayi,irak Petrollerinden Fransiz Hissesine Düşen Paylardan Bir Parçasi Almanlara Verilecek.* * * ** *The Sykes-Picot(-Sazonov) Agreement of 1916* *The Sykes-Picot(-Sazonov) Agreement[1] of 1916 was a secret agreement between the governments of Britain and France, with the assent of Russia, defining their respective spheres of influence and control in west Asia after the expected downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. The agreement was concluded on May 16 1916[2] by the French diplomat François Georges-Picot and Briton Mark Sykes.* *Britain was allocated control of areas roughly comprising today’s Jordan, Iraq and a small area around Haifa, to allow access to a Mediterranean port. France was allocated control of south-eastern Turkey (Cilicia), northern Iraq around Mosul, Syria and Lebanon. Russia was to get Constantinople, the Turkish Straits and the Ottoman Armenian vilayets. The controlling powers were left free to decide on state boundaries within these areas.The region of Palestine was slated for international administration pending consultations with Russia and other powers.* *This agreement is seen by many as conflicting with the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence of 1915–1916. The conflicting agreements are the result of changing progress during the war, switching in the earlier correspondence from needing Arab help to subsequently trying to enlist the help of Jews in the United States in getting the US to join the First World War, in conjunction with the Balfour Declaration, 1917. The agreement had been made in secret. Sykes was also not affiliated with the Cairo office that had been corresponding with Sherif Hussein bin Ali, and was not fully aware of what had been promised the Arabs. However many academics believe the British, along with Sykes, knew exactly what they were doing and planned to deal with the consequences after the war.* *Russian claims in the Ottoman Empire were denied following the Bolshevik Revolution and the Bolsheviks released a copy of the Sykes-Picot Agreement (as well as other treaties). They revealed full texts in Izvestia and Pravda on November 23, 1917, subsequently the Manchester Guardian printed the texts on November 26, 1917.[3]. This caused great embarrassment between the allies and growing distrust with the Arabs. The Zionists were similarly upset, with the Sykes-Picot Agreement becoming public only three weeks after the Balfour Declaration.* *Attempts to resolve the conflict were made at the San Remo conference and in the Churchill White Paper of 1922, which stated the British position that Palestine was part of the excluded areas of “Syria lying to the west of the District of Damascus”* *“The agreement is seen by many as a turning point in Western/Arab relations, creating the animosity that we see today, as the Kurds under Russia, the Shiites under France, and the Sunnis under Britain, broke out into mass regional war, provoking the Treaty of Versailles, which led to WWII,” according to Dr. Jane Wykowsky of Harvard. It negated the promises made to Arabs[4] through T.E. Lawrence for a national Arab homeland in the area of Greater Syria, in exchange for their siding with British forces against the Ottoman Empire.* *The agreement’s principal terms were reaffirmed by the inter-Allied San Remo conference of 19–26 April 1920 and the ratification of the resulting League of Nations mandates by the Council of the League of Nations on July 24, 1922.* *References* *Fromkin, David (1989). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. New York: Owl, 286, 288. ISBN 0-8050-6884-8.* *http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS094.pdf p.8* *http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS094.pdf p.9* *Lawrence of Arabia: The Battle for the Arab World. Director James Hawes. PBS Home Video, October 21, 2003. Interview with Kamal Abu Jaber, former Foreign Minister of Jordan* *During the 19th century, the Ottoman Government employed the term Arz-i Filistin (the ‘Land of Palestine‘) in official correspondence, meaning for all intents and purposes the area to the west of the River Jordan which became ‘Palestine’ under the British in 1922″. However, the Ottomans regarded “Palestine” as an abstract description of a general region but not as a specific administrative unit with clearly defined borders. This meant that they did not consistently apply the name to a clearly defined area. Ottoman court records, for instance, used the term to describe a geographical area that did not include the sanjaks of Jerusalem, Hebron and Nablus, although these had certainly been part of historical Palestine. Amongst the educated Arab public, Filastin was a common concept, referring either to the whole of Palestine or to the Jerusalem sanjak alone or just to the area around Ramle.* *Ottoman rule over the eastern Mediterranean lasted until World War I when the Ottomans sided with Germany and the Central Powers. During World War I, the Ottomans were driven from much of the region by the United Kingdom during the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.* *In European usage up to World War I, “Palestine” was used informally for a region that extended in the north-south direction typically from Raphia (south-east of Gaza) to the Litani River (now in Lebanon). The western boundary was the sea, and the eastern boundary was the poorly-defined place where the Syrian desert began. In various European sources, the eastern boundary was placed anywhere from the Jordan River to slightly east of Amman. The Negev Desert was not included.* *Under the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916, it was envisioned that most of Palestine, when freed from Ottoman control, would become an international zone not under direct French or British colonial control. Shortly thereafter, British foreign minister Arthur Balfour issued the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which laid plans for a Jewish homeland to be established in Palestine eventually.* *The British-led Egyptian Expeditionary Force, commanded by Edmund Allenby, captured Jerusalem on 9 December, 1917 and occupied the whole of the Levant following the defeat of Turkish forces in Palestine at the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918 and the capitulation of Turkey on 31 October.* *Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916* ** * * ** ** * * ** ** ** ** ** **<http://images.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.contenderministries.org/articles/britishmandate.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.contenderministries.org/articles/israelhistory.php&h=300&w=300&sz=7&hl=tr&start=176&usg=__zk3yEjRSzZNcBLWvmyGYo1RyxuA=&tbnid=tGgRrjPVo300bM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthe%2Bsykes-p%25C4%25B1cot%26start%3D162%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Dtr%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:tr:official%26sa%3DN> **<http://images.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.contenderministries.org/articles/transjordan.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.contenderministries.org/articles/israelhistory.php&h=300&w=300&sz=6&hl=tr&start=177&usg=__I2bj74hp26NSOL2Ss2Ok0t4I8aU=&tbnid=PFNgSoSVDFbV2M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthe%2Bsykes-p%25C4%25B1cot%26start%3D162%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Dtr%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:tr:official%26sa%3DN> ** ** ** <http://www.BEYAZRENKLER.ORG>* * __._,_.___ . __,_._,___ -- Cumhuriyetimizin kurucusu Ulu Önder Atatürk'ün, "Ne mutlu Türküm diyene!'' anlayışına karşı çıkan herkes Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin düşmanıdır ve öyle kalacaktır. 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