I have a simplistic understanding of, for instance, how one can definecontrol structures within the language, rather than having to hard-code theminto the parser. I just don't understand how one can easily recognize whether a language supports this feature.
It's pretty easy. If the control structures look like they could be implemented this way, then the language probably supports the feature (though not always... the Plan 9 shell "rc" seems to be a counterexample).