Le 09/08/2020 à 15:50, noone atall a écrit :

Btw if you don't mind one last question, why grub does not boot when I
don't flag fat32 EFI system partition as 'esp' and 'boot' from GParted?
What is a flag actually and where is it stored? Is it a signature like 55
AA?

No.
(G)parted "flags" are a bit confusing. Their meaning depend on the partition table type and the flag itself. For instance the "boot" flag represent the "active/bootable" flag in a DOS partition table, but is an alias of "esp" in a GPT partition table. Most flags actually represent partition type identifiers which are stored in the partition table entries.

The "esp" flag represents the "EFI System Partition" type identifier. It is expected that the (U)EFI firmware only looks for the fallback EFI file in partitions with this type identifier. GRUB itself does not care.

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