Narrations from salaf regarding Prayer led by mubtadi
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Ibrahim bin al-Mughira said: “I asked Sufyan ath-Thawri ‘should I pray behind
someone who says iman is solely statement and not deed’ he said: ‘No this
person has no value” (al-Hilya 7/27)
Imam Shafii said: ‘Do not pray behind a rafawid, qadariyya and murjiyya’
(siyaru alam 10/31)
It is reported that Yahya bin Main repeated his prayers which he prayed behind
caliph Mamun after he innovated his bidah. (Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal,
as-Sunna 1/130)
Ahmad bin Hanbal said: “I repeat my prayers which I prayed behind a Jahmi (who
mutilates he attributes of Allah, who states that Allah is everywhere and who
says Qur’an is created)” (Abu Dawud, al-Masaelu Ahmad, 43)
Narrated by Ibn Abi Ya’la: “When Imam Ahmad asked about praying behind a
mubtadi he said: It can not be prayed behind a Jahmi. When it comes to the
Rafawid; they reject the ahadith and it can not be prayed behind them.”
(Tabaqatu’l-Hanabila, 1/168)
Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas said: “If the imam is among the ahlu hawa (bidah)
then prayer can not be prayed behind him.” (al-Lailaki, Sharhu itiqadi
ahlus’-sunna, 1344)
Ibn Uyayna said: “Do not pray behind Rafidhi, Qadari and Murjiyya.”
(al-Lailaki, Sharhu itiqadi ahlus’-sunna, 1344)
Muadh bin Muadh said: I prayed behind a man from bani Sa’d and I learned that
he denies the qadar. Then I repeated my prayer after 30 or 40 years.” (Abdullah
bin Ahmad, as-sunna, 2/386)
It is reported to Abu Sulayman ad-Darani that Abdulwahhab bin al-Haffaf stated
a word which he denies qadar. Abu Sulayman ad-Darani abandoned praying in his
masjid and went to another masjid.” (Hatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikhu Baghdad, 10/249)
Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhari said: “I looked into the statements of Jews,
Christians and Magians, and I had not seen a group which is worse than Jahmiyya
according to their kufr. I only excuse those who do not make takfir of them due
to not knowing their kufr.
Bukhari also said: “There is no difference for me to pray behind Jahmi and
Rafidhi or Jew and Christian.” (Halku afail ibad, #35, #53; Bayhaqi al-Asma
wa’s-sifat, 253; Baghawi, Sharhu’s-sunna, 1/228)
Abdullah bin Ahmad said regarding the one who says Qur’an is created while
narrating it from his father: “Neither Jumuah prayer nor other prayer can be
prayed behind someone who says this. But joining the jamaah can not be left. If
prayer had been performed with them then it will be repeated.” (Abdullah bin
Ahmad, as-sunna, 1/129; Ibn Hani, Masailu’l-Imam Ahmad, 295; Baghawi,
Sharhu’s-sunna, 1/229)
Abdullah bin Idris was asked regarding praying behind the mubtadi, he said:
People do not leave praying behind those whom they consent with and the just
imam. It is said: “How about the Jahmiyya?” He said: “No they are people to
whom will be fought against. Neither prayer behind him can be performed nor can
nikah with them be performed. Only tawbah is for them.” (Bukhari, Halku Afail
Ibad, #78; Abdullah bin Ahmad as-sunna, 1/113)
Wasila bin al-Aska was asked about praying behind Qadari. He said that it is
not sahih to pray behind him and if he prayed he should repeat it.”
(al-Lailaki, Sharhu itiqadi ahlus’-sunna, 2/731)
Sayyar Abu’l-Hakam said: “Prayer can not be performed behind a Qadari. If it
was performed behind one of them then it should be repeated.” (al-Lailaki,
Sharhu itiqadi ahlus’-sunna, 2/731)
When Sallam bin Muti asked about the Jahmiyya he said: “They are kafir and
prayer can not be performed behind them.” (Abdullah bin Ahmad, as-sunna, 1/105)
Imam Malik was asked about praying behind a Qadari imam. He said to the person
who asked the question: “If you are asking about a fatwa then it can not be
prayed behind him. When it is asked him even if it was Jumuah prayer? He said:
Jumuah too can not be prayed behind them. But if you fear for yourself and pray
it as taqiyya then you need to repeat it.” (Mudawwanatu’l-Kubra, 1/84)
Qadi Abu Yusuf said: Prayer can not be performed behind Jahmi, Rafidhi and
Qadari.” (Sharhu’s-Usulu’s-Sunna, 1/115)
Waki bin al-Jarrah said about the Jahmiyya: “Prayer can not be performed behind
them.” (Sharhu Usulu;s-sunna, 2/720)
When Abu Thawr was asked about Qadariyya he said: “Qadariyya say, Allah does
not create acts of the slaves, that sins are not made taqdir to the slaves.
Prayer can not be performed behind them. Their sick can not be visited and can
not be joined in their funerals. They will be asked to make tawbah for their
statements. If they do not make tawbah then their necks will be cut.” (Sharhu
Usulis Sunna, 2/720)
Imam Barbahari said: “It is permissible to pray behind anyone who leads the
five prayers unless he is a Jahmi, and then this invalidates the prayer. If you
pray behind him then repeat it. If your Imam in Jum'a prayer is a Jahmi and he
is a ruler, then pray behind him, and then repeat your prayer" (Kitaab
al-Sunna, 49)
Imam Qurtubi narrates the following while giving explanations to the ayah “And
be steadfast in prayer; practise regular charity; and bow down your heads with
those who bow down (in worship).” (al-Baqara 2/43) When it comes to the imamah
of the Mutazila, Jahmiyya and other ahlu bidah: According to the narration of
Bukhari from Hasan that he said: Pray behind him, the sin of bidah is his.
Ahmad bin Hanbal said: If the mubtadi is the one who calls for his bidah and
his hawa then prayer can not be performed behind such person. Imam Malik said:
Prayer can be performed behind an oppressing ruler but can not be prayed behind
Qadariyya and other similar ahlu bidah. Ibnu’l-Mundhir said: Whosever bidah
takes him out of fold of iman and puts him in kufr then it is not permissible
to pray behind him. It is permissible to pray behind a person who is not in
this state. It is not permissible to place such person in fromt to make him
imam.” (Qurtubi, al-Jami li
Ahkami’l-Qur’an)
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