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The prayers of the two 'ids was prescribed in the first year after
the migration. It is a sunnah mu'kkadah as the Prophet sallallahu
alehi wasallam always performed these prayers and he ordered the men
and women to go out to attend them.
Volume 2, Page 147a: Grooming for the two 'ids
It is preferred to make the ghusl, perfume one's self and don one's
best attire on the occasions of the two 'ids.
Ja'far ibn-Muhammad relates from his father on the authority of his
grandfather who reported that the Prophet would wear a Yemeni cloak
on every 'id. This is related by ash-Shaf'i and al-Baghawi.
Al-Hassan as-Sibt says: "The Messenger of Allah ordered us to wear
the best clothes we could find for the two 'ids and to apply the best
perfume we could find and to sacrifice the best animal we could
find." This is related by al-Hakim and in its chain is Ishaq ibn
Barzakh whom al-'Azdi declares to be weak while Ibn Hibban says he is
trustworthy.
Ibn al-Qayyim writes: "The Prophet used to wear his most beautiful
clothes for them and he had a special cloak that he would wear on the
two 'ids and Jumu'ah.
Volume 2, Page 147b: Eating on the two 'ids
One is to eat before going to the salah for 'idul fitr, (the end of
Ramadan) but not do so on the occasion of the 'idul azha
(commemmorating Prophet Ibrahim's sacrifice). For 'idul fitr, it is a
sunnah to eat an odd number of dates before going to pray salatul 'id
while for 'idul azha the eating should be delayed until one returns
from the 'id prayers and then he may eat of his sacrifice if he has
sacrificed an animal.
Anas reports: "The Prophet would not go out on the festival of
breaking the fast until he had eaten an odd number of dates." This is
related by Ahmad and al-Bukhari.
Buraidah reports: "The Prophet would not go out on the day of
breaking the fast ('idul fitr) until he had eaten and on the day of
sacrifice ('idul azha) he would not eat until he had returned [from
salah]." This is related by at-Tirmizhi and Ibn Majah, and also by
Ahmad who added: "And he would eat from his sacrifice."
In al-Muwatta' it is recorded from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab that the
people were ordered to eat before they go out on the day of breaking
the fast.
Ibn-Qudamah said: "I do not know of any difference of opinion over
the fact that one should hasten in eating [eat early] on the day of
breaking of the fast."
Volume 2, Page 148: Going out to the musalla (place of prayer)
Salatul 'id can be performed in the mosque but it is preferred to
perform in a place outside the city as long as there is no excuse or
reason to do otherwise (e.g., rain and so on) as the Prophet would
pray the two 'ids in the outskirts of Medinah and he never prayed it
in his mosque, except once and because it was raining.
Abu Hurairah reports that it was raining on the day of 'id, so the
Prophet led them in salatul 'id in the mosque. This is related by Abu
Dawud, Ibn Majah, and al-Hakim, and its chain contains an unknown
narrator. Al-Hafiz says in at-Talkhis: "Its chain is weak," and azh-
Zhahabi asserts: "This hadith is rejected."
Volume 2, Page 148a: Women and children going out to attend 'id
prayer
Shari'ah requires women and children to go out and attend the
salatul 'idain. This includes married, single, young, old, or
menstruating women.
Umm 'Atiyah reports: "We were ordered to go out with the single and
menstruating women to the two 'ids in order to witness the good and
the supplications of the Muslims. The menstruating women would be
separate from the others." This is related by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Ibn 'Abbas says that the Prophet would take his wives and daughters
to the two 'ids. This is related by Ibn-Majah and al-Baihaqi.
Ibn 'Abbas further reports: "I went out with the Prophet on the day
of breaking the fast or of the sacrifice, and he prayed and gave a
khutbah, and then he went to the women and admonished them, reminded
them of Allah, and ordered them to give charity." This is related by
al-Bukhari.
Volume 2, Page 148b: Taking different routes to and from musalla
Most of the people of knowledge are of the opinion that it is
preferred for a person to go to the salah by one route and then to
return home through another route, regardless of whether he be the
imam or a member of the congregation.
Jabir reports: "On the days of 'id, the Prophet would take different
routes." This is related by al-Bukhari.
Abu Hurairah says: "When the Prophet went to salatul 'id, he would
return through a different route." This is related by Ahmad, Muslim,
and at-Tirmizhi .
It is permissible to return through the same route by which one goes
to the musalla. Bakr ibn Mubashir says: "I used to go with the
companions of the Prophet to the musalla on 'idul azha and on 'idul
fitr, and we passed through a specific valley in Medinah until we
came to the place of salah and prayed with the Messenger of Allah,
and then we would return to our houses through the same valley." This
is related by Abu Dawud, al-Hakim, and by al-Bukhari in his Tarikh.
Ibn as-Sakin says that its chain is acceptable.
Volume 2, Page 149: The time of 'Id prayers
The time for salatul 'id begins from the time the sun is three meters
above the horizon until the sun reaches its meridian.
Ahmad ibn Hassan al-Bana' records that Jundub said: "The Prophet
prayed the 'idul fitr prayer while the sun was [approximately] six
meters above the horizon and the 'id of the sacrifice while the sun
was three meters above the horizon."
Ash-Shaukani says: "That is the best of what has been related
concerning the specific time of salatul 'idain and the hadith shows
that it is preferred to hasten in praying salatul azha and to delay
the salatul fitr."
Ibn Qudamah says: "It is a sunnah to pray salatul azha early in order
to allow more time for the people to perform the sacrifice, and the
salatul fitr is to be delayed in order to give people time to pay
zakat al-Fitr. I know of no difference of opinion on this point."
Volume 2, Page 149a: The azhan and iqamah for salatul 'idain
Ibn al-Qayyim writes: "When the Messenger of Allah went to the
musalla (place of prayer), he would perform the salah without any
azhan or iqamah and without saying 'as-salatu jami'ah' (prayer in
congregation). The sunnah is not to do any of that."
Ibn 'Abbas and Jabir both report that there was no azhan on the day
of the breaking of the fast or on the day of sacrifice. This is
related by al-Bukhari and Muslim. Muslim records that 'Ata
said: "Jabir informed me that there is no azhan for the 'id of
breaking the fast, neither when the imam arrives nor afterward. And
there is no iqamah or call of any kind."
Sa'd ibn abi-Waqqas reports: "The Prophet prayed salatul 'id without
any azhan or iqamah. He would deliver two khutbahs standing and would
seperate them by sitting between them.' This is related by al-Bazzar.
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