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Your understanding of the implementation is correct. There
is no transaction isolation in the version you have studied, but this
feature is being added. The methods for isolation levels are part of the
JDBC standard.
Isolation may be necessary for certain applications,
especially existing and legacy applications. But serious applications such as
banking can be designed with highly normalised schemas without any transaction
isolation.
Durability is achieved by persisting data to one or two files.
HSQLDB use file sync so that changes to data are fully persisted at
user-defined intervals. This translates to about 99.999% reliability for
new data, given an average one crash a day. As actual systems are probably 10 -
100 times more reliable, then it translates to up to 99.99999% reliability.
Note that even in the event of a crash, the record of data changes that occured
prior to the last interval would remain intact.
Fred Toussi
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