The vertical and horizontal lines are used for calculating a good looking 
panorama. The distance is important to avoid errors in calculations. 

The V lines should be distant as far as possible, at least two near the 
edges of a panorama, to calculate and straighten the view.
When there are lines only at one side, the other side of the panorama may 
be curved up or down (for example when there is only one straight object 
near the left or right edge, the rest is landscape). 
It is better to add a horizontal line to compensate the curved horizon (or 
a vertical line on an object that should be straight, for example a tall 
tree).
When the panorama is a landscape only, the detector may place vertical 
lines on trees, grass and other objects. If it looks good, leave as it is, 
but try also the [Straighten] button to compare how it looks without the 
detected lines.

Why the distance is important: to avoid statistic errors. The detector may 
place 5 vertical lines on the same traffic sign or electric pole that is 
not straight (and repeat the error on objects arranged at similar angle).
The best to place vertical lines only on firm straight objects, such as 
buildings, windows in buildings etc. The detector finds high contrasts, but 
it does not recognize if this is a building, a tree or a human leg.

What are horizontal lines for: when you work (for example) with front views 
of architecture, they are used to optimize the left-right position and 
barrel distortion. They are not detected, not introduced yet. Finding them 
is the same work for the detector, it is equally simple. It's hard to say 
why the developers did not introduce this yet. 

The distance between the horizontal lines is the answer for "what you want 
to straighten". If you want to straighten the whole image, they should be 
as far as possible. If you want to straighten a specific object, a front 
view of a building, a photographed picture, a single window, the lines 
should be placed only on this object, the rest is not important.
"a photographed picture" refers not only to a single photo of a picture on 
a wall or a banner on a street that you want to use, 
it refers also to panoramas of maps and other large sheets, scanned or 
photographed. 

The horizontal lines are also useful and the only way to straighten the 
horizon when you work with landscapes or waterscapes (and there are no 
human-built objects). 




On Wednesday, January 8, 2020 at 8:38:26 PM UTC+1, Judson Fisher wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> I'm enjoying very much getting to learn about how Hugin works, one thing 
> that has not been clear to me is:  What is the significance of control 
> point distance in regards to horizontal and vertical control points?
>
> Thanks,
> /Jud
>

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