thanks On 2/20/11, Ghulam Muhammed <[email protected]> wrote: > http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=7294978&story_id=18008022 > > > *Islam and demography* > > *A waxing crescent* > > *Islam is growing. But ageing and slowing. That will change the world > * > > *Jan 27th 2011 | From The Economist print edition > * > *ARE Muslims taking over the world, or at a minimum, transforming Europe > into Eurabia? Whatever your hopes or fears for the future of the world’s > religions, a report published this week has plenty to stoke them. “The > Future of the Global Muslim Population”, produced by the Pew Research > Centre, a non-profit outfit based in Washington, DC, reckons Muslim numbers > will soar from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 2.2 billion by 2030. In other words, > from 23.4% to 26.4% of the global total. > > At the heart of its analysis is the ongoing effect of a “youth bulge” which > peaked in 2000. In 1990 Islam’s share of the world’s youth was 20%; in 2010, > 26%. In 2030 it will be 29% (of 15-to-29-year-olds). But the Muslim world is > slowly heading towards paunchiness: the median age in Muslim-majority > countries was 19 in 1990. It is 24 now, and will be 30 by 2030. (For French, > Germans and Japanese the figure is 40 or over.) This suggests Muslim numbers > will ultimately stop climbing, but later than the rest of the world > population. > > The authors call their calculations demographic, not political. Drawing on > earlier Pew research, they say conversion is not a big factor in the global > contest between Islam, Christianity and other faiths; the converts balance > out. Nor do they assess piety; via the imperfect data of the United Nations, > the European Union and national statistics, they aim simply to measure how > many people call themselves Muslim, at least culturally, if asked. > > New numbers, they say, will change the world map. As Indonesia prospers, its > birth rate is falling; South Asia’s remains very high. By 2030, 80m extra > mouths in Pakistan will boost its Muslim numbers to 256m, ousting Indonesia > (with 239m) as the most populous Islamic land. India’s Muslim minority will > be nearly as large at 236m—though growth is slowing there too. And in 2030 > India’s Muslims will still constitute only a modest 15.9% of that country’s > swelling total, against 14.6% now. > > The report asserts no causal link between Islamic teaching and high > fertility rates, although it notes that poverty and poor education are a > problem in many Muslim lands. In Muslim countries such as Bangladesh and > Turkey, it observes, the lay and religious authorities encourage birth > control. Better medical care and lower mortality boost poor-country > population numbers too. > > Some bleak findings concern Nigeria, where Muslim numbers are seen rising to > 117m in 2030 from 76m now, edging up from 47.9% to 51.5% of the population. > Illiteracy among Nigerian women of child-bearing age is three times as high > among Muslims (71.9%) as among others (23.9%). Two-thirds of Nigerian Muslim > women lack any formal education; that goes for just over a tenth of their > non-Muslim sisters. The fertility rate is between six and seven children per > Muslim woman, versus five for non-Muslims. It is hard to prove that these > factors are related, but they do seem to form a pattern. > Eurabian nights > > The total Muslim share of Europe’s population is predicted to grow from 6% > now to 8% in 2030: hardly the stuff of nightmares. But amid that are some > sharp rises. The report assumes Britain has 2.9m Muslims now (far higher > than the usual estimates, which suggest 2.4m at most), rising to 5.6m by > 2030. As poor migrants start families in Spain and Italy, numbers there will > rocket; in France and Germany, where some Muslims are middle-class, rises > will be more modest—though from a higher base. Russia’s Muslims will > increase to 14.4% or 18.6m, up from 11.7% now (partly because non-Muslims > are declining). The report takes a cautious baseline of 2.6m American > Muslims in 2010, but predicts the number will surge by 2030 to 6.2m, or 1.7% > of the population—about the same size as Jews or Episcopalians. In Canada > the Muslim share will surge from 2.8% to 6.6%. > > How will liberal democracies accommodate such variety? The clarity of a > written constitution may give America an advantage over many European > countries, where unwritten custom has more sway. Jonathan Laurence, an > Islam-watcher and professor at Boston College, thinks Europe could rise to > the challenge, but failure is also easy to imagine. Europe’s Muslims should, > by 2030, have become articulate and effective political bargainers. But with > nativism on the march, it is also highly possible that Muslims will come to > feel they have less in common with their fellow citizens than with their > growing band of co-religionists elsewhere. > * > -------------------------- > http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx > > The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life <http://pewforum.org/> > The Future of the Global Muslim Population Projections for 2010-2030 > ANALYSIS January 27, 2011 > Print <http://pewforum.org/UserControls/#> > Email<http://pewforum.org/UserControls/#> > Share <http://pewforum.org/UserControls/#> > A<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#> > A > <http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#>A<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#>Text > Size > [image: Loading...] > > > > > > > - > Report<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx> > - Interactive > Maps<http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population-graphic/> > - Sortable Data Tables <http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/> > > [image: md2-lede_large] Executive Summary > > The world’s Muslim population is expected to increase by about 35% in the > next 20 years, rising from 1.6 billion in 2010 to 2.2 billion by 2030, > according to new population projections by the Pew Research Center’s Forum > on Religion & Public Life. > > Globally, the Muslim population is forecast to grow at about twice the rate > of the non-Muslim population over the next two decades – an average annual > growth rate of 1.5% for Muslims, compared with 0.7% for non-Muslims. If > current trends continue, Muslims will make up 26.4% of the world’s total > projected population of 8.3 billion in 2030, up from 23.4% of the estimated > 2010 world population of 6.9 billion. > > While the global Muslim population is expected to grow at a faster rate than > the non-Muslim population, the Muslim population nevertheless is expected to > grow at a slower pace in the next two decades than it did in the previous > two decades. From 1990 to 2010, the global Muslim population increased at an > average annual rate of 2.2%, compared with the projected rate of 1.5% for > the period from 2010 to 2030. > > [image: md2-1] > > These are among the key findings of a comprehensive report on the size, > distribution and growth of the global Muslim population. The report by the > Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life seeks to provide up-to-date estimates of > the number of Muslims around the world in 2010 and to project the growth of > the Muslim population from 2010 to 2030. The projections are based both on > past demographic trends and on assumptions about how these trends will play > out in future years. Making these projections inevitably entails a host of > uncertainties, including political ones. Changes in the political climate in > the United States or European nations, for example, could dramatically > affect the patterns of Muslim migration. > > [image: md2-2] > > If current trends continue, however, 79 countries will have a million or > more Muslim inhabitants in 2030, up from 72 countries > today.1<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#ftn1>A > majority of the world’s Muslims (about 60%) will continue to live in > the > Asia-Pacific region, while about 20% will live in the Middle East and North > Africa, as is the case today. But Pakistan is expected to surpass Indonesia > as the country with the single largest Muslim population. The portion of the > world’s Muslims living in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to rise; in 20 > years, for example, more Muslims are likely to live in Nigeria than in > Egypt. Muslims will remain relatively small minorities in Europe and the > Americas, but they are expected to constitute a growing share of the total > population in these regions. > > [image: md2-0] > > In the United States, for example, the population projections show the > number of Muslims more than doubling over the next two decades, rising from > 2.6 million in 2010 to 6.2 million in 2030, in large part because of > immigration and higher-than-average fertility among Muslims. The Muslim > share of the U.S. population (adults and children) is projected to grow from > 0.8% in 2010 to 1.7% in 2030, making Muslims roughly as numerous as Jews or > Episcopalians are in the United States today. Although several European > countries will have substantially higher percentages of Muslims, the United > States is projected to have a larger number of Muslims by 2030 than any > European countries other than Russia and France. (See the Americas > section<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx>for > more details.) > > In Europe as a whole, the Muslim share of the population is expected to grow > by nearly one-third over the next 20 years, rising from 6% of the region’s > inhabitants in 2010 to 8% in 2030. In absolute numbers, Europe’s Muslim > population is projected to grow from 44.1 million in 2010 to 58.2 million in > 2030. The greatest increases – driven primarily by continued migration – are > likely to occur in Western and Northern Europe, where Muslims will be > approaching double-digit percentages of the population in several countries. > In the United Kingdom, for example, Muslims are expected to comprise 8.2% of > the population in 2030, up from an estimated 4.6% today. In Austria, Muslims > are projected to reach 9.3% of the population in 2030, up from 5.7% today; > in Sweden, 9.9% (up from 4.9% today); in Belgium, 10.2% (up from 6% today); > and in France, 10.3% (up from 7.5% today). (See the Europe > section<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-europe.aspx> > .) > > Several factors account for the faster projected growth among Muslims than > non-Muslims worldwide. Generally, Muslim populations tend to have higher > fertility rates (more children per woman) than non-Muslim populations. In > addition, a larger share of the Muslim population is in, or soon will enter, > the prime reproductive years (ages 15-29). Also, improved health and > economic conditions in Muslim-majority countries have led to > greater-than-average declines in infant and child mortality rates, and life > expectancy is rising even faster in Muslim-majority countries than in other > less-developed countries. (See the section on Main Factors Driving > Population > Growth<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors.aspx>for > more details. For a list of Muslim-majority countries and definitions > for the terms less- and more-developed, see the section on Muslim- Majority > Countries<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-muslim-majority.aspx> > .) > Growing, But at a Slower Rate > > The growth of the global Muslim population, however, should not obscure > another important demographic trend: the *rate* of growth among Muslims has > been slowing in recent decades and is likely to continue to decline over the > next 20 years, as the graph below shows. From 1990 to 2000, the Muslim > population grew at an average annual rate of 2.3%. The growth rate dipped to > 2.1% from 2000 to 2010, and it is projected to drop to 1.7% from 2010 to > 2020 and 1.4% from 2020 to 2030 (or 1.5% annually over the 20-year period > from 2010 to 2030, as previously noted). > > [image: md2-3] > > The declining growth rate is due primarily to falling fertility rates in > many Muslim-majority countries, including such populous nations as Indonesia > and Bangladesh. Fertility is dropping as more women in these countries > obtain a secondary education, living standards rise and people move from > rural areas to cities and towns. (See the Related Factors > section<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors.aspx> > ** for more details.) > > [image: md2-4] > > The slowdown in Muslim population growth is most pronounced in the Asia- > Pacific region, the Middle East-North Africa and Europe, and less sharp in > sub-Saharan Africa. The only region where Muslim population growth is > accelerating through 2020 is the Americas, largely because of immigration. > (For details, see the charts on population growth in the sections of this > report on > Asia-Pacific<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia.aspx>, > Middle-East-North > Africa<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx>, > Sub-Saharan > Africa<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx>, > Europe<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-europe.aspx>and > the > Americas<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx> > **.) > > Falling birth rates eventually will lead to significant shifts in the age > structure of Muslim populations. While the worldwide Muslim population today > is relatively young, the so-called Muslim “youth bulge” – the high > percentage of Muslims in their teens and 20s – peaked around the year 2000 > and is now declining. (See the Age Structure > section<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors-age-structure.aspx>for > more details.) > > In 1990, more than twothirds of the total population of Muslim-majority > countries was under age 30. Today, people under 30 make up about 60% of the > population of these countries, and by 2030 they are projected to fall to > about 50%. > > At the same time, many Muslim-majority countries will have aging > populations; between 2010 and 2030, the share of people age 30 and older in > these countries is expected to rise from 40% to 50%, and the share of people > age 60 and older is expected nearly to double, from 7% to 12%. > > Muslim-majority countries, however, are not the only ones with aging > populations. As birth rates drop and people live longer all around the > globe, the population of the entire world is aging. As a result, the global > Muslim population will remain *comparatively* youthful for decades to come. > The median age in Muslim-majority countries, for example, rose from 19 in > 1990 to 24 in 2010 and is expected to climb to 30 by 2030. But it will still > be lower than the median age in North America, Europe and other > more-developed regions, which rose from 34 to 40 between 1990 and 2010 and > is projected to be 44 in 2030. By that year, nearly three-inten of the > world’s youth and young adults – 29.1% of people ages 15-29 – are projected > to be Muslims, up from 25.8% in 2010 and 20.0% in 1990. > > Other key findings of the study include: > Worldwide > > - Sunni Muslims will continue to make up an overwhelming majority of > Muslims in 2030 (87- 90%). The portion of the world’s Muslims who are > Shia > may decline slightly, largely because of relatively low fertility in > Iran, > where more than a third of the world’s Shia Muslims live. > - As of 2010, about three-quarters of the world’s Muslims (74.1%) live in > the 49 countries in which Muslims make up a majority of the population. > More > than a fifth of all Muslims (23.3%) live in non-Muslim-majority countries > in > the developing world. About 3% of the world’s Muslims live in > more-developed > regions, such as Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. > - Fertility rates in Muslim-majority countries are closely related to > women’s education levels. In the eight Muslim-majority countries where > girls > generally receive the fewest years of schooling, the average fertility > rate > (5.0 children per woman) is more than double the average rate (2.3 > children > per woman) in the nine Muslim-majority countries where girls generally > receive the *most* years of schooling. One exception is the Palestinian > territories, where the average fertility rate (4.5 children per woman) is > relatively high even though a girl born there today can expect to receive > 14 > years of formal education. > - Fewer than half (47.8%) of married women ages 15-49 in Muslim-majority > countries use some form of birth control. By comparison, in > non-Muslim-majority, less-developed countries nearly two-thirds (63.3%) > of > all married women in that age group use some form of birth control. > > Asia-Pacific > > [image: md2-asia(2)] > > - Nearly three-in-ten people living in the Asia-Pacific region in 2030 > (27.3%) will be Muslim, up from about a quarter in 2010 (24.8%) and > roughly > a fifth in 1990 (21.6%). > - Muslims make up only about 2% of the population in China, but because > the country is so populous, its Muslim population is expected to be the > 19th > largest in the world in 2030. > > Middle East-North Africa > > [image: md2-middle] > > - The Middle East-North Africa will continue to have the highest > percentage of Muslim-majority countries. Of the 20 countries and > territories > in this region, all but Israel are projected to be at least 50% Muslim in > 2030, and 17 are expected to have a population that is more than 75% > Muslim > in 2030, with Israel, Lebanon and Sudan (as currently demarcated) being > the > only exceptions. > - Nearly a quarter (23.2%) of Israel’s population is expected to be > Muslim in 2030, up from 17.7% in 2010 and 14.1% in 1990. During the past > 20 > years, the Muslim population in Israel has more than doubled, growing > from > 0.6 million in 1990 to 1.3 million in 2010. The Muslim population in > Israel > (including Jerusalem but not the West Bank and Gaza) is expected to reach > 2.1 million by 2030. > - Egypt, Algeria and Morocco currently have the largest Muslim > populations in the Middle East-North Africa. By 2030, however, Iraq is > expected to have the second-largest Muslim population in the region – > exceeded only by Egypt – largely because Iraq has a higher fertility rate > than Algeria or Morocco. > > Sub-Saharan Africa > > [image: md2-africa-(2)] > > - The Muslim population in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to grow by > nearly 60% in the next 20 years, from 242.5 million in 2010 to 385.9 > million > in 2030. Because the region’s non- Muslim population also is growing at a > rapid pace, Muslims are expected to make up only a slightly larger share > of > the region’s population in 2030 (31.0%) than they do in 2010 (29.6%). > - Various surveys give differing figures for the size of religious groups > in Nigeria, which appears to have roughly equal numbers of Muslims and > Christians in 2010. By 2030, Nigeria is expected to have a slight Muslim > majority (51.5%). > > Europe > > [image: md2-europe(2)] > > - In 2030, Muslims are projected to make up more than 10% of the total > population in 10 European countries: Kosovo (93.5%), Albania (83.2%), > Bosnia-Herzegovina (42.7%), Republic of Macedonia (40.3%), Montenegro > (21.5%), Bulgaria (15.7%), Russia (14.4%), Georgia (11.5%), France > (10.3%) > and Belgium (10.2%). > - Russia will continue to have the largest Muslim population (in absolute > numbers) in Europe in 2030. Its Muslim population is expected to rise > from > 16.4 million in 2010 to 18.6 million in 2030. The growth rate for the > Muslim > population in Russia is projected to be 0.6% annually over the next two > decades. By contrast, Russia’s non-Muslim population is expected to > shrink > by an average of 0.6% annually over the same period. > - France had an expected net influx of 66,000 Muslim immigrants in 2010, > primarily from North Africa. Muslims comprised an estimated two-thirds > (68.5%) of all new immigrants to France in the past year. Spain was > expected > to see a net gain of 70,000 Muslim immigrants in 2010, but they account > for > a much smaller portion of all new immigrants to Spain (13.1%). The U.K.’s > net inflow of Muslim immigrants in the past year (nearly 64,000) was > forecast to be nearly as large as France’s. More than a quarter (28.1%) > of > all new immigrants to the U.K. in 2010 are estimated to be Muslim. > > The Americas > > [image: md2-amer(2)] > > - The number of Muslims in Canada is expected to nearly triple in the > next 20 years, from about 940,000 in 2010 to nearly 2.7 million in 2030. > Muslims are expected to make up 6.6% of Canada’s total population in > 2030, > up from 2.8% today. Argentina is expected to have the third-largest > Muslim > population in the Americas, after the U.S. and Canada. Argentina, with > about > 1 million Muslims in 2010, is now in second place, behind the U.S. > - Children under age 15 make up a relatively small portion of the U.S. > Muslim population today. Only 13.1% of Muslims are in the 0-14 age group. > This reflects the fact that a large proportion of Muslims in the U.S. are > newer immigrants who arrived as adults. But by 2030, many of these > immigrants are expected to start families. If current trends continue, > the > number of U.S. Muslims under age 15 will more than triple, from fewer > than > 500,000 in 2010 to 1.8 million in2030. The number of Muslim children ages > 0-4 living in the U.S. is expected to increase from fewer than 200,000 in > 2010 to more than 650,000 in 2030. > - About two-thirds of the Muslims in the U.S. today (64.5%) are > first-generation immigrants (foreign-born), while slightly more than a > third > (35.5%) were born in the U.S. By 2030, however, more than four-in-ten of > the > Muslims in the U.S. (44.9%) are expected to be native-born. > - The top countries of origin for Muslim immigrants to the U.S. in 2009 > were Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are expected to remain the top > countries > of origin for Muslim immigrants to the U.S. in 2030. > > About the Report > > This report makes demographic projections. Projections are not the same as > predictions. Rather, they are estimates built on current population data and > assumptions about demographic trends; they are what will happen if the > current data are accurate and the trends play out as expected. But many > things – immigration laws, economic conditions, natural disasters, armed > conflicts, scientific discoveries, social movements and political upheavals, > to name just a few – can shift demographic trends in unforeseen ways, which > is why this report adheres to a modest time frame, looking just 20 years > down the road. Even so, there is no guarantee that Muslim populations will > grow at precisely the rates anticipated in this report and not be affected > by unforeseen events, such as political decisions on immigration quotas or > national campaigns to encourage larger or smaller families. > > The projections presented in this report are the medium figures in a range > of three scenarios – high, medium and low – generated from models commonly > used by demographers around the world to forecast changes in population size > and composition. The models follow what is known as the cohort-component > method, which starts with a baseline population (in this case, the current > number of Muslims in each country) divided into groups, or cohorts, by age > and sex. Each cohort is projected into the future by adding likely gains – > new births and immigrants – and subtracting likely losses – deaths and > emigrants. These calculations were made by the Pew Forum’s demographers, who > collaborated with researchers at the International Institute for Applied > Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Austria on the projections for the United States > and European countries. (For more details, see Appendix A: > Methodology<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-appendix-a.aspx> > .) > > The current population data that underpin this report were culled from the > best sources available on Muslims in each of the 232 countries and > territories for which the U.N. Population Division provides general > population estimates. Many of these baseline statistics were published in > the Pew Forum’s 2009 report, *Mapping the Global Muslim Population*, which > acquired and analyzed about 1,500 sources of data – including census > reports, large-scale demographic studies and general population surveys – to > estimate the number of Muslims in every country and territory. (For a list > of sources, see Appendix B: Data Sources by > Country<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-appendix-b.aspx>.) > All of those estimates have been updated for 2010, and some have been > substantially revised. (To find the current estimate and projections for a > particular region or country, see Muslim Population by Country, > 1990-2030<http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/#>.) > Since many countries are conducting national censuses in 2010-11, more data > is likely to emerge over the next few years, but a cut-off must be made at > some point; this report is based on information available as of mid-2010. To > the extent possible, the report provides data for decennial years – 1990, > 2000, 2010, 2020 and 2030. In some cases, however, the time periods vary > because data is available only for certain years or in five-year increments > (e.g., 2010-15 or 2030-35). > > The definition of Muslim in this report is very broad. The goal is to count > all groups and individuals who *self-identify* as Muslims. This includes > Muslims who may be secular or nonobservant. No attempt is made in this > report to measure how religious Muslims are or to forecast levels of > religiosity (or secularism) in the decades > ahead.2<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#ftn2> > > The main factors, or inputs, in the population projections are: > > - > Births<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors-fertility.aspx>(fertility > rates) > - > Deaths<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors-life-expectancy.aspx>(mortality > rates) > - > Migration<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors-migration.aspx>(emigration > and immigration), and > - The age > structure<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-main-factors-age-structure.aspx>of > the population (the number of people in various age groups) > > Related factors – which are not direct inputs into the projections but which > underlie vital assumptions about the way Muslim fertility rates are changing > and Muslim populations are shifting – include: > > - > Education<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors-education.aspx>(particularly > of women) > - Economic > well-being<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors-economic.aspx>(standards > of living) > - Contraception and family > planning<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors-contraception.aspx> > - > Urbanization<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors-urbanization.aspx>(movement > from rural areas into cities and towns), and > - Religious > conversion<http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors-conversion.aspx> > > To fully understand the projections, one must understand these factors, > which the next section of the report will discuss in more detail. > > Readers can also explore an online, interactive > feature<http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population-graphic/> > ** that allows them to select a region or one of the 232 countries and > territories – as well as a decade from 1990-2030 – and see the size of the > Muslim population in that place and time. > ------------------------------ > > *Footnotes* > > 1 The seven countries projected to rise above 1 million Muslims by 2030 are: > Belgium, Canada, Congo, Djibouti, Guinea Bissau,Netherlands and Togo. > (return > to > text)<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#ftn1_rtn> > > 2 In other reports, the Pew Forum and the Pew Research Center have used > large-scale public opinion surveys to measure the beliefs and practices of > many religious groups, including Muslims in several countries. See, for > example,*Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan > Africa<http://pewforum.org/executive-summary-islam-and-christianity-in-sub-saharan-africa.aspx> > *, 2010, and *Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly > Mainstream<http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Muslim-Americans-Middle-Class-and-Mostly-Mainstream%282%29.aspx> > *, 2007. (return to > text)<http://pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx#ftn2_rtn> > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "humanrights movement" group. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > [email protected]. > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/humanrights-movement?hl=en. > >
-- Regards, Arshad Sulahri President Amnesty Pakistan Sulahria House Lane No10.Sadiq Town, Dhamah Adyala Road Rawalpindi.Punjab Pakistan-44000 FAX:092515570431 Ph:092515383452 CELL: 03455279224 Email:[email protected] [email protected] web:www.amnestypakistan.com -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "humanrights movement" group. To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [email protected]. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/humanrights-movement?hl=en.
