Irsan Komarga offers the following royalty-free article for you to publish online or in print. Feel free to use this article in your newsletter, website, ezine, blog, or forum. ----------- PUBLICATION GUIDELINES - You have permission to publish this article for free providing the "About the Author" box is included in its entirety. - Do not post/reprint this article in any site or publication that contains hate, violence, porn, warez, or supports illegal activity. - Do not use this article in violation of the US CAN-SPAM Act. If sent by email, this article must be delivered to opt-in subscribers only. - If you publish this article in a format that supports linking, please ensure that all URLs and email addresses are active links. - Please send a copy of the publication, or an email indicating the URL to [email protected] - DistributeYourArticles (www.DistributeYourArticles.com) has distributed this article on behalf of the author. DistributeYourArticles does not own this article, please respect the author's copyright and publication guidelines. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use this article. ----------- Article Title: Beware of Fixers : Fixers as Networks and Networks of Fixers Author: Irsan Komarga Category: Culture and Society Word Count: 405 Keywords: Fixers as Networks,Networks of Fixers Author's Email Address: [email protected] Article Source: http://www.distributeyourarticles.com ------------------ ARTICLE START ------------------
There have been arguments that the phenomenon of informal network is one of the most important challenges in organizations today. Decades ago, many took note of the same phenomenon, when social networks gained ground beginning in the 1950s as a metaphorical and analytical tool in explaining human interactions. In fixing, there is also the challenge of unearthing the phenomenon of underground, and mostly illegitimate, informal networks of fixers. Formal organizations and informal networks co-exist in most political systems and bureaucratic institutions. And over time, informal groups have extra-ordinarily resilient in virtually all cultural, social, political, and bureaucratic settings. There is a widespread consensus in the literature that they coexist and supplement each other, or are so intertwined that they are hardly distinguishable. Informal networks are therefore fluid aggrupation of people associating with one another to share and promote their collective needs. The association is based on some relational determinants that are anchored on some cultural norms of reciprocity nurtured by some patterns of sustained connections. Sociologists have described organizations and networks as structures of social interactions, while anthropologists and ethnographers aim their focus on the evolution of the web of relationships over time. The area of convergence lies in the networks in organizations: positional, cultural and relational. The positional view holds that the individual roles and relationships among them are highly determined by official positions in the organizations. The cultural view cleaves to the common underlying structures which determine the interaction of individuals. Lastly, the relational view gives great importance to emergent networks of individuals that may or may not be consistent with their formal relations in the organization. While there is no one absolute way to analyze networks, the relational view holds more water for the networks of fixers. Fixers are emergent informal networks of people connected with one another with the primary aim of fixing and gaining from it as their collective interest. as networks evolve in flexibility, so do fixers. The movements of fixers are significantly influenced by the bureaucratic organizations where they exist and operate, while at the same time affecting the bureaucratic functioning of these organizations. It is believed that informal networks are influenced by the formal structure, and that the dynamics of the organization is dependent on the informal networks. While fixers can be private individuals or members of government agencies (officials or employees), their activities are at best not mandated or sanctioned by the formal rules and procedures of several institutions. Irsan's passion is to write on wide varieties of subjects. His latest writing is at http://www.aquariumairpump.net which contains reviews on fish tank air pump and other information about air pumps. ------------------ ARTICLE END ------------------ [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
