Irsan Komarga offers the following royalty-free article for you to publish online or in print. Feel free to use this article in your newsletter, website, ezine, blog, or forum. ----------- PUBLICATION GUIDELINES - You have permission to publish this article for free providing the "About the Author" box is included in its entirety. - Do not post/reprint this article in any site or publication that contains hate, violence, porn, warez, or supports illegal activity. - Do not use this article in violation of the US CAN-SPAM Act. If sent by email, this article must be delivered to opt-in subscribers only. - If you publish this article in a format that supports linking, please ensure that all URLs and email addresses are active links. - Please send a copy of the publication, or an email indicating the URL to [email protected] - DistributeYourArticles (www.DistributeYourArticles.com) has distributed this article on behalf of the author. DistributeYourArticles does not own this article, please respect the author's copyright and publication guidelines. If you do not agree to these terms, please do not use this article. ----------- Article Title: The Nature of the Elements of Fixing Author: Irsan Komarga Category: Culture and Society Word Count: 399 Keywords: bureaucratic environment Author's Email Address: [email protected] Article Source: http://www.distributeyourarticles.com ------------------ ARTICLE START ------------------
What is emerging is that fixing consists of fundamental elements acting in accord with one another to accomplish its surreptitiously motivated goals of facilitation and falsification. These elements are the fixers, principals, connections, tariffs and bureaucratic environment. The bureaucratic environment helps in influencing the extent of fixing where it occurs. But bureaucratic corruption not just occurring in the bureaucracy, but also an effect of the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is not just serving as an arena, location or boundary where corruption occurs, it is also causing and reinforcing corruption by virtue of its failure to provide the proper bureaucratic systems and procedures in government transactions. The principals include the clients and customers who avail of the services of fixers. Both connections and tariffs are the tools of the trade. Connections are the links among fixers, especially insider connections, otherwise known as connections to the government officials and employees who have access to the bureaucratic procedures. The tariffs are the pecuniary and non-pecuniary gains. Pecuniary gains include money, tips, cuts or commissions that serve as the payment for the fixing services. Non-pecuniary gains include non-financial favors like gifts, food, properties, services or other connections. There are several types of fixing where fixers facilitate or falsify in various degrees based on experience and reports from various newspapers. Without definitive, these types include the following: permit fixing, record fixing, identify fixing or identify fraud, news fixing or news twisting, case fixing, claims fixing, game fixing or sports match fixing and price fixing. Permit fixing is the most common type of fixing, mostly requiring only mere documentary facilitation. Fixers facilitate the transactions for the expedient release of permits, which include licenses, certification, clearances, authorization, titles and other official documents that serve some legal purpose for other transactions. When permits are legitimately disapproved because of some inadequacy or breach, fixers employ falsification in exchange for higher tariff. In some instances, fixers also need to tamper with some documentary records in order to falsify permits. This is also known as records fixing, which is most common in falsifying personal records in the census office or registry of deeds, or even academic credentials among university registrars. Also, violations in police blotters are stricken off the records to clear and cleanse the reputation of the principals. There are other types of fixing depending on their network locations. Simple facilitation and random fixing ordinarily involves low density networks, less organized connections and payment of tips. Irsan's passion is to write on wide varieties of subjects. His latest writing is at http://www.handvacuumpump.net which contains reviews on vacuum pump repair and other information about vacuum pumps. ------------------ ARTICLE END ------------------ [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
