Carlos

The checksum calculated in TurtleArt

http://tonyforster.blogspot.com/2011/11/turtle-checksums.html


Tony


> English Text Follows Spanish Text
> 
> Pensamos este podr�a ser un tema interesante para un proyecto usando 
> algunas de las aplicaciones en las computadoras del Plan Ceibal.
> 
> Todos los que vivimos en Uruguay debemos tener,  desde la edad de 45 d�as,  
> nuestra c�dula de identidad que contiene nuestro nombre, foto, firma, 
> impresi�n digital, fecha de nacimiento y un n�mero que nos identifica por 
> el resto de nuestras vidas:
> 
> 
> 
> Estos son algunos de los muchos usos de la c�dula:
> 
> - Poder recibir la computadora del Plan Ceibal.  El plan mantiene una base de 
> datos donde cada computadora entregada est� asociada a un estudiante o 
> educador.
> 
> - Tener una cuenta personal en el BPS, Banco de Previsi�n Social.  
> Presentando la c�dula todos los que trabajan en Uruguay pueden verificar 
> que el BPS les est� acreditando correctamente los beneficios sociales,  que 
> tienen derecho a recibir.
> 
> - Como identificaci�n para viajar a pa�ses en nuestra regi�n,  en lugar 
> de pasaporte.
> 
> Muy frecuentemente,  en la escuela,  en el lugar de trabajo,  en comercios,  
> en oficinas del gobierno y privadas,  nos piden nuestro n�mero de c�dula 
> para anotarlo en alg�n formulario.  Es muy f�cil que se cometa un error 
> al anotarlo.
> 
> El d�gito de control,  que es el octavo d�gito,  que aparece a la derecha 
> del gui�n como en este ejemplo:
> 
> 5.555.555-5
> 
> puede ser que no corresponda al que se puede calcular usando los siete 
> primeros d�gitos.  Eso es una indicaci�n de que muy probablemente hubo un 
> error al anotar este n�mero de c�dula.
> 
> Para los que les interese c�mo se calcula el d�gito de control,  hemos 
> preparado esta planilla de c�lculo:
> 
> 
> 
> Este archivo pueden abrirlo con Excel, Open Office o Google Docs.
> 
> El primer proyecto que sugerimos ser�a simplemente repetir el c�lculo que 
> mostramos,  usando una o m�s de las aplicaciones que ofrecen las ceibalitas.
> 
> Luego, podr�a ser resolver otros problemas:
> 
> - Dados siete de los ocho d�gitos en una c�dula,  calcular el faltante.
> 
> - Siempre que haya un error,  �nos dar� mal el c�lculo del d�gito de 
> control? Justificar la respuesta.
> 
> - Si transponemos dos d�gitos consecutivos,  un error muy frecuente, 
> �cambiar� el d�gito de control calculado?  �Podremos darnos cuenta en 
> ese caso,  cu�l fue el error y corregirlo?
> 
> - �Hay otras aplicaciones de los d�gitos de control en el mundo real,  
> adem�s de la c�dula de identidad?
> 
> Para los que quieran profundizar en el tema y hacer otros ejercicios,  con 
> gusto les enviaremos el trabajo de Omar Gil y Ricardo Vilar�,  que 
> mencionamos en la tabla de c�lculo adjunta.
> 
> English Text:
> 
> We believe this could be an interesting subject for a project using some of 
> the applications in the Plan Ceibal computers.
> 
> All of us who live in Uruguay must have, from the age of 45 days,  our ID 
> Card containing our name, picture, signature, finger print, date of birth and 
> a number that identifies us for the rest of our lives.
> 
> These are some of the many uses for the ID card:
> 
> - To be able to receive Plan Ceibal�s computer.  The plan maintains a 
> database where each computer they have delivered is associated to a student 
> or an educator.
> 
> - To have a personal account with BPS, Banco de Previsi�n Social.  Anyone 
> working in Uruguay may present the ID card and check that BPS is properly 
> crediting the social benefits that person is entitled to receive. 
> 
> - As ID to travel to countries in our region,  instead of a passport.
> 
> Quite frequently we are asked for our ID card number to fill-in a form,  This 
> happens at school, at the work place, at shops, at government and private 
> offices. It is very easy for errors to occur.
> 
> The control digit,  this is the eighth digit,  shown to the right of the dash 
> as in this example:
> 
> 5.555.555-5
> 
> might not be the same that may be calculated using the first seven digits.  
> This is an indication that most probably there was an error when writing down 
> this ID card number.
> 
> We have prepared this spreadsheet for those interested in learning how this 
> control digit is calculated:
> 
> 
> 
> This file may be opened with Excel, Open Office or Google Docs.
> 
> The first project we would like to suggest is to just repeat the calculation 
> we show,  using one or more of the applications in Plan Ceibal� computers.
> 
> Then,  it could be resolving other problems:
> 
> - Given seven of the eight digits in an ID card,  calculate the missing digit.
> 
> -  Whenever there is an error,  is the calculation going to return the wrong 
> control digit?  Justify the answer.
> 
> - If we transpose two consecutive digits,  a very frequent error, will the 
> calculation result change? Are we going to be able,  in such case,  to find 
> out what the error was and correct it?
> 
> - Are there other applications in the real world for control digits,  besides 
> the ID card?
> 
> We will be glad to send the paper by Omar Gil and Ricardo Vilar�,  
> mentioned in the attached spreadsheet, to anyone who might wish to further 
> study the subject and do other exercises.
> 
> 
> Carlos Rabassa
> Volunteer
> Plan Ceibal Support Network
> Montevideo, Uruguay
> www.tiny.cc/AprendoILearn
> 
> 
> <html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: 
> space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><span 
> class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><b><font 
> class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff1314">English Text Follows Spanish 
> Text</font></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
> style="font-size: 18px;"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" 
> color="#ff1314"><br></font></b></span></div><div><span 
> class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;">Pensamos este podr�a ser 
> un tema interesante para un proyecto usando algunas de las aplicaciones en 
> las computadoras del Plan Ceibal.<br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
> background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
> vertical-align: baseline; "></span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
> background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
> vertical-align: baseline; ">Todos
>  los que vivimos en Uruguay debemos tener,  desde la edad de 45 d�as, 
>  nuestra c�dula de identidad que contiene nuestro nombre, foto, firma, 
> impresi�n digital, fecha de nacimiento y 
> un n�mero que nos identifica por el resto de nuestras 
> vidas:</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
> style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: 
> transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: 
> baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
> style="font-size: 18px;"></span></div></body></html>
> [ Cedula-4.jpg ]
> <html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; 
> -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><head></head><div><br><div><span 
> class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"></span></div><div><span 
> class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
> 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
> none; vertical-align: baseline; "></span></span><div><div style="font-size: 
> medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span 
> style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: 
> normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">Estos son algunos 
> de los muchos usos de la c�dula:</span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 
> 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
> none; vertical-align: baseline; "></span><br></span></div><blockquote 
> class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="font-size: medium; margin-top: 0px; 
> margin-right: 0px; mar!
 gin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; 
border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; 
border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 
0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- Poder recibir la computadora del Plan 
Ceibal.  El plan mantiene una base de datos donde cada computadora entregada 
est� asociada a un estudiante o educador.</span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- Tener una cuenta personal en el BPS, Banco 
de Previsi�n Soci!
 al.  Presentando la c�dula todos los que trabajan en Uruguay pueden
 verificar que el BPS les est� acreditando correctamente los beneficios 
sociales,  que tienen derecho a recibir.</span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">- Como identificaci�n para 
viajar a pa�ses en nuestra regi�n,  en lugar de 
pasaporte.</span></div></blockquote><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "></span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
vertical-align: baseline; ">Muy frecuentemente,  en la escuela,  en el lugar 
de trabajo,  en comercios,  en oficinas del gobierno y privadas,  nos piden 
nuestro n�mero de c�dula para anotarlo en alg�n formulario.  Es muy 
f�cil que s!
 e cometa un error al anotarlo.</span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
vertical-align: baseline; "></span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
vertical-align: baseline; ">El d�gito de control,  que es el octavo 
d�gito,  que aparece a la derecha del gui�n como en este 
ejemplo:</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; 
"><br></span></div></div></div></div><blockquote 
class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; 
padding: 0px;"><div><div><div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; 
">5.555.555-5</span></span></div></div></div></div></blockqu!
 ote><div><div><div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple
-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
vertical-align: baseline; ">puede ser que no corresponda al que se puede 
calcular usando los siete primeros d�gitos.  Eso es una indicaci�n de que 
muy probablemente hubo un error al anotar este n�mero de 
c�dula.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "></span><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 
background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; 
vertical-align: baseline; ">Para los que les interese c�mo se calcula el 
d�gito de control,  hemos preparado esta planilla de 
c�lculo:</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px;"><br></span></div></div><d!
 iv><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px;"></span></div></div></div></body></html><html><body style="word-wrap: 
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; 
"><head></head><div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px;"></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><div></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; ">Este archivo pueden abrirlo con Excel, Open 
Office o Google Docs.</span></span></div></div><div style="font-size: medium; 
"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: 
rgb(0, 0, 0); b!
 ackground-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: n
one; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 
medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span 
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: 
normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">El primer proyecto 
que sugerimos ser�a simplemente repetir el c�lculo que mostramos,  usando 
una o m�s de las aplicaciones que ofrecen las 
ceibalitas.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">Luego, 
podr�a ser resolver otros problemas:</!
 span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- 
Dados siete de los ocho d�gitos en una c�dula,  calcular el 
faltante.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: !
 transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-ali
gn: baseline; ">- Siempre que haya un error,  �nos dar� mal el c�lculo 
del d�gito de control? Justificar la respuesta.</span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; 
"><br></span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">- Si transponemos dos 
d�gitos consecutivos,  un error muy frecuente, �cambiar� el d�gito de 
control calculado?  �Podremos darnos cuenta en ese caso,  cu�l fue el 
error y corregirlo?</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">- �Hay otras aplicaciones de los d�gitos de control en el mundo 
real,  adem�s de la cï¿!
 ½dula de identidad?</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">Para los que quieran profundizar en el tema y hacer otros ejercicios, 
 con gusto les enviaremos el trabajo de Omar Gil y Ricardo Vilar�,  que 
mencionamos en la tabla de c�lculo adjunta.</span></div><div 
style="font-size: 18px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><br></span></div></div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" 
color="#ff1314">English Text:</font></b></span></div></div><div><font 
class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff1314"><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px;"><b><br></b></span></font></div><div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">We believe this could be an 
interesting subject for a project using some of th!
 e applications in the Plan Ceibal computers.<br></span></div><div><spa
n class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; ">All of us who live in Uruguay must have, from 
the age of 45 days,  our ID Card containing our name, picture, signature, 
finger print, date of birth and a number that identifies us for the rest of our 
lives.</span></span></div><div><div><div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">These are some of the many uses for the ID card:<br><span style="color: 
rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: norm!
 al; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; 
"></span><br></span></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" 
style="font-size: medium; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 
0px; margin-left: 40px; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; 
border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; 
border-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 
0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- To 
be able to receive Plan Ceibal�s computer.  The plan maintains a database 
where each computer they have delivered is associated to a student or an 
educator.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; "><span styl!
 e="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: n
ormal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- To have a personal 
account with BPS, Banco de Previsi�n Social.  Anyone working in Uruguay may 
present the ID card and check that BPS is properly crediting the social 
benefits that person is entitled to receive. </span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">- As ID to travel to 
countries in our region,  instead of a passport.</span></div></blockquote><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><br></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">Quite frequently we are 
asked for our ID card number to fill-in a form,  This happens at school, at 
the work plac!
 e, at shops, at government and private offices. It is very easy for errors to 
occur.</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">The 
control digit,  this is the eighth digit,  shown to the right of the dash as 
in this example:</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; 
"><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><blockquote 
class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; 
padding: 0px;"><div><div><div><div><div><div style="font-size: medium!
 ; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span sty
le="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; 
text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; 
">5.555.555-5</span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><div
 style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><br><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">might 
not be the same that may be calculated using the first seven digits.  This is 
an indication that most probably there was an error when writing down this ID 
card number.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: !
 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">We 
have prepared this spreadsheet for those interested in learning how this 
control digit is calculated</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; ">:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px;"></span></div></div></div></div></div></body></html><html><head></head><body
 style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: 
after-white-space; "><div><div><div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px;"></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; 
"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span 
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: 
normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></sp!
 an></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">This 
file may be opened with </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" 
style="font-size: 18px; ">Excel, Open Office or Google 
Docs.</span></div></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">The 
first project we would like to suggest is to just repeat the calculation we 
show,  using one or more of the applications in Plan Ceibal� 
computers.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><s!
 pan class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">Then,  it could be resolving other problems:</span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; 
"><br></span></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 
0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: 
none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- Given seven of the eight digits in an ID 
card,  calculate the missing digit.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 
medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><span 
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant: 
normal; text-decorat!
 ion: none; vertical-align: baseline; "><br></span></span></div><div st
yle="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; 
font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; ">- 
 Whenever there is an error,  is the calculation going to return the wrong 
control digit?  Justify the answer.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 
medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; 
"><br></span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; ">- If we transpose two 
consecutive digits,  a very frequent error, will the calculation result 
change? Are we going to be able,  in such case,  to find out what the error 
was and correct it?</span></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">- Are there other applications in !
 the real world for control digits,  besides the ID 
card?</span></div></div></div></div><div style="font-size: medium; "><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><br></span></div><div 
style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 
18px; ">We will be glad to send the paper by Omar Gil and Ricardo Vilar�, 
 mentioned in the attached spreadsheet, to anyone who might wish to further 
study the subject and do other exercises.</span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><b><font 
class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff1314"><br></font></b></span></div><div><span 
class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px; "><b><font 
class="Apple-style-span" color="#ff1314"><br></font></b></span></div><div>
> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: 
> rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; 
> font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; 
> text-align: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: 
> normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; 
> -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: 
> none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; 
> font-size: medium; "><div>Carlos Rabassa</div><div>Volunteer</div><div>Plan 
> Ceibal Support Network</div><div>Montevideo, Uruguay</div><div><a 
> href="http://www.tiny.cc/AprendoILearn";>www.tiny.cc/AprendoILearn</a></div></span><br
>  class="Apple-interchange-newline">
> </div>
> 
> <br></div></body></html>_______________________________________________
> IAEP -- It's An Education Project (not a laptop project!)
> [email protected]
> http://lists.sugarlabs.org/listinfo/iaep

_______________________________________________
IAEP -- It's An Education Project (not a laptop project!)
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