Keruntuhan bangunan akibat gempa ini terjadi pada gempa utama (main shock) atau gempa susulan (aftershock) ? Apakah bangunan runtuh luluh-lantak pada 20 detik goyangan awal ?
Kalau runtuhnya pada gempa susulan brarti gempa utama (main shock) itulah warningnya. Termasuk warning ke regu penolong, SAR, PBK dll ini salah satu maksud dari WASPADA gempa, bukan hana ditujukan ke (calon) korban gempa. Rdp On 25/12/2009, [email protected] <[email protected]> wrote: > Yth. Pak Andri Nugraha, > Terimaksih infonya, wkt saya ke JMA topiknya TEWS yang dilaksanakan di JMA, > jadi Nara sumbernya tidak menerangkan ttg EEW. > > Salam dan sukses untuk Pak Andri, > Budi > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "andri nugraha" <[email protected]> > To: "Forum Himpunan Ahli Geofisika Indonesia" <[email protected]> > Sent: Friday, December 25, 2009 7:25:17 AM GMT +07:00 Bangkok, Hanoi, > Jakarta > Subject: Re: [Forum-HAGI] USGS: Earthquake Early Warning System Possible > > > > > Dear Pak Budi, > > Terima kasih atas informasinya dan koreksinya. > Mungkin link ini bisa sedikit membantu > http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/en/Activities/eew.html > > Hatur nuhun, > Salam, > Andri Dian Nugraha > > > > > > From: "[email protected]" <[email protected]> > To: Forum Himpunan Ahli Geofisika Indonesia <[email protected]> > Sent: Thu, December 24, 2009 8:08:15 AM > Subject: Re: [Forum-HAGI] USGS: Earthquake Early Warning System Possible > > > > Dear Andri Nugraha, > > Berdasarkan kunjungan saya ke MJA di bulan Januari 2008, > JMA tdk pernah mengeluarkan EEW. Yang dilaksanakan oleh operator > di JMA Sbb.: (di ruang operasional) > - Terdeteksi gempa --> Voice Announcement:"an earthquake occurred! > - Kemudian operator immediately come up to the main system!!!--> EPOS > (Earthquake Phenomena Observation System) > - 2 menit setelah gempa Seismic Intensity Information --> TV NHK mengekpos > - 3 menit setelah gempa Earthquake Information (Location and Magnitude)--> > di TV > parameter gp ini otomatis dikirim ke Komputer Tsunami Warning System dan > Intensity Information System, jika berpotensi timbul tsnami maka Tsunami > warning > dikirim. > - menit ke 4 dikirim tsunami Information (Estimate Tsunami Height and > arrival Time) > > - 5 menit stlh gp dikirim Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information > (Update) > > - menit-menit selanjutnya Tsunami Information (Observed Tsunami Heights and > Arrival > Times) hingga all clear. > > Sedangkan EEW mungkin sedang dirintis/diriset oleh NIED > > Di Taiwan, pada thn 1995 EEW digunakan untuk mematikan aktivitas yang sedang > operasi > sebelum goncangan besar sampai di Taipeh seperti memutus aliran gas, kereta > cepat, dan network seismographnya dipasang di P. Taiwan bagian Tengah-Timur. > Signal dari sensor ditransmit ke Hua-lien sebagai Regional Seismological > Center (RSC)nya dan Taipeh sebagai NSCnya. > Sbgmn kita ketahui kecep gel radio jauh lebih besar dp kecep. gel gempa. > Jadi waktu yang tersedia kira2 10 detik untuk menghentikan operasional apa > saja yang berpotensi bencana jika terjadi goncangan gempa besar sampai di > Taipeh. > > Demikian sekelumit pengetahuan yang mungkin sudah ketinggalan? > > Salam, > Budi W > > > From: [email protected] [mailto: [email protected] ] On > Behalf Of andri nugraha > Sent: Wednesday, December 23, 2009 2:16 PM > To: Forum Himpunan Ahli Geofisika Indonesia > Subject: Re: [Forum-HAGI] USGS: Earthquake Early Warning System Possible > > > > Dear Bapak/Ibu dan Rekan2 ysh, > > Kalau mengacu ke Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), secara garis besar > prosedur dari Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) sebagai berikut:A. Segera > setelah gempa terjadi (Proses paling penting) Gempa terjadi Gelombang > primer (P) terdeteksi oleh seismometer Estimasi secara cepat > fokus, magnitude, intensitas seismik oleh JMA dari “single > seismometer” Pengumuman EEW oleh JMA melalui media (TV, Radio, > Handphone, etc) > B. 10 detik setelah gempa terjadi (Koreksi fokus dan magnitude lebih > akurat). Estimasi secara cepat fokus, magnitude, intensitas seismik > oleh JMA dari dua atau tiga seismometerC. 20 detik setelah gempa > terjadi (Koreksi fokus dan magnitude lebih akurat lagi). Estimasi > secara cepat fokus, magnitude, intensitas seismik oleh JMA dari tiga > sampai lima seismometerEEW berfungsi memberikan pengumuman perkiraan > intensitas seismik dan perkiraan waktu tiba gelombang sekunder (S) yang > bersifat merusak karena gerakan gelombangnya kombinasi horizontal dan > verikal (arah gerak partikel tegak lurus terhadap arah jalar > gelombang). Ada beberapa kelemahan/kendala EEW saat ini menurut JMA, > tapi mereka sedang berusaha meng “Improve” terus. Kendala nya yaitu: > Untuk daerah dengan fokus gempa bumi sangat dekat (beda waktu tiba > S-P sangat kecil, antara beberapa detik sampai 1/detik), EEW akan > sampai mungkin setelah gelombang gempa terjadi. Ketika menggunakan > single seismomter EEW, kegagalan untuk mendeteksi sinyal kadang > terjadi karena adanya Noise atau kegagalan alat tersebut. Estimasi > Magnitude juga sukar untuk gempa besar yang terjadi secara simultan di > daerah yg berdekatan Ada batasan untuk perhitungan estimasi > intensitas seismik menggunakan formula attenuasi dikarenakan faktor > amplifikasi. > Kenapa S-P jadi patokan? Meskipun gelombang permukaan seperti Rayleigh > dan Love (long period wave) lebih merusak di bandingkan S-wave. Opini > saya karena gelombang S mudah terdeteksi ”by eye” [secara teori > Vp/Vs=sqrt(3)], dan gelombang S-wave pun minimal dapat merusak. Kalau > gelombang permukaan (Rayleigh dan Love wave) datangnya setelah S-wave, > dan biasa nya agak sukar untuk melihatnya khususnya untuk gempa yang > dekat dan Magnitudenya tidak terlalu besar meskipun gel ini paling > merusak. Perlu ”filtering” untuk dapat melihat Gelombang permukaan long > period (Rayleigh dan Love) lebih jelas. Kalau dalam seismometer 3 > component, Love-wave akan terlihat di transverse component sedangkan > Rayleigh akan terlihat di vertical dan radial component.Terima kasih, > mohon maaf kalau salah tulis, mohon di koreksi.Salam,Andri Dian > NugrahaDPRI-Kyoto University > > From: Rovicky Dwi Putrohari < [email protected] > > To: Forum HAGI < [email protected] >; IAGI > < [email protected] > > Sent: Tue, December 22, 2009 8:22:15 PM > Subject: Re: [Forum-HAGI] USGS: Earthquake Early Warning System Possible > > Pak Grandis. Sebenernya ada teori apa yang dipakai disini ? > Apakah menafaatkan selisih datangnya P-S atau yang lain ? > Soalnya kalau selisihnya sudah 10 detika biasanya dalam skala MMI > sudah ndak berarti lagi. Kalau selisih 1 detik mungkin emang deket > episenter. > cmiiw > > rdp > > On Wed, Dec 23, 2009 at 11:42 AM, < [email protected] > wrote: > > > > Pak De Rovicky dan rekan-rekan lainnya, > > > > Saya pernah baca paper yg mengulas sedikit argumen pentingnya > > early warning meski dalam hitungan detik atau menit, tapi lupa > > persisnya apa. Mungkin utk negara-negara yg sudah maju dan > > well-established dalam hal emergency response system, kalau > > sudah tahu sedang terjadi gempa (10 detik lagi) mereka bisa > > siap-siap merespons keadaan darurat tanpa menunggu ada yg > > manggil via telp. dll. Penduduk juga bisa langsung berlindung > > sesuai SOP. > > > > Kalau di republik mimpi kan pusat menunggu dulu laporan dari > > daerah sementara daerah selalu menunggu bantuan dari pusat > > ... hehehe ... > > > > > > Salam, > > > > Hendra Grandis > > Geofisika-ITB > > > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: Rovicky Dwi Putrohari < [email protected] > > > To: Forum HAGI < [email protected] >; IAGI > < [email protected] > > > Sent: Wed, Dec 23, 2009 6:09 am > > Subject: [Forum-HAGI] USGS: Earthquake Early Warning System > Possible > > > > Mampu mendeteksi 1-10 detik sebelum goyangan gempa ? > > Hmm, apa yang dapat kita lakukan dalam waktu 10 detik ? > > > > Pak Djedi, Pak Danny, dkk. Ada komentar tehnis ? > > > > RDP > > > > Earthquake Early Warning System Possible > > Released: 12/14/2009 10:51:48 AM > > Contact Information: > > U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey > > Office of Communication > > 119 National Center > > Reston, VA 20192 Erik Pounders 1-click interview > > Phone: (626) 583-6801 > > > > Leslie Gordon 1-click interview > > Phone: (650) 793-1534 > > > > > > An earthquake early warning system for California is feasible in > > coming years, according to research being presented Dec. 14-15 at > the > > American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. The ongoing > > study demonstrates that an earthquake early warning system for > > California is possible and lays out how such a system could be > built. > > > > Earthquake early warning systems, already successfully deployed in > > Mexico, Japan and Taiwan, can detect an earthquake in progress and > > provide notice of seconds to tens of seconds prior to actual ground > > shaking. Building on developments in other countries with > significant > > earthquake risk, scientists are exploring early warning in the > United > > States. > > > > After a three-year earthquake early warning study funded by the > U.S. > > Geological Survey was completed in August 2009, a second > USGS-funded > > project was launched to integrate the previously tested methods > into a > > single prototype warning system. When completed, this pilot system, > > called the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) ShakeAlert > > System, will provide warning to a small group of test users, > including > > emergency response groups, utilities, and transportation agencies. > > While in the testing phase, the system will not provide public > alerts. > > > > The CISN ShakeAlert system will detect strong shaking at an > > earthquake's epicenter and transmit alerts ahead of the damaging > > earthquake waves. The speed of an electronic warning message is > faster > > than the speed of earthquake waves traveling through the earth. > > Potential applications include stopping elevators at the nearest > > floor, slowing or halting trains, monitoring critical systems, and > > alerting people to move to safer locations. In warning systems > > deployed abroad, alerts are distributed via TV and radio networks, > the > > Internet, cell phones and pagers. > > > > The earthquake early warning test uses real-time data from the > > California Integrated Seismic Network. The CISN is part of the USGS > > Advanced National Seismic System, through which the USGS aims to > > broadly improve earthquake monitoring and reporting in the United > > States. Funding for the CISN is provided by the USGS and the state > of > > California. > > > > The EEW study is a collaboration among the USGS, the California > > Institute of Technology, the University of California-Berkeley, the > > Swiss Seismological Service and the Southern California Earthquake > > Center. > > > > In the next two years American Recovery and Reinvestment Act > stimulus > > funding will be used to upgrade many of the older, slower seismic > > instruments throughout the CISN. These older instruments introduce > > time delays and would slow down early warning alerts. > > > > The relevant sessions at AGU are shown below. > > Poster presentations, Moscone South, Poster Hall > > > > Monday, Dec. 14, 1:40 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. > > > > S13A-1718. CISN ShakeAlert: Three Years of Comparative Real-Time > > Earthquake Early Warning Testing in California G. B. Cua; R. M. > Allen; > > M. Boese; H. Brown; D. Given; M. Fischer; E. Hauksson; T. H. > Heaton; > > M. Hellweg; T. H. Jordan; O. Khainovski; P. J. Maechling; D. S. > > Neuhauser; D. H. Oppenheimer; K. Solanki > > > > S13A-1719. CISN ShakeAlert: Specification of the Prototype > Earthquake > > Early Warning System H. Brown; R. M. Allen; M. Boese; G. B. Cua; > D. D. > > Given; E. Hauksson; M. Fischer; T. H. Heaton; M. Hellweg; T. H. > > Jordan; O. Khainovski; P. J. Maechling; D. S. Neuhauser; D. H. > > Oppenheimer; K. Solanki > > > > S13A-1720. CISN ShakeAlert: Using early warnings for earthquakes in > > California M. Vinci; M. Hellweg; L. M. Jones; O. Khainovski; K. > > Schwartz; D. Lehrer; R. M. Allen; D. S. Neuhauser > > Oral presentations, Moscone West, Room 2005 > > > > Tuesday, Dec. 15 > > > > 8:00 a.m.-8:15 a.m. > > > > S21C-01. The current status of earthquake early warning around the > > world (Invited) R. M. Allen > > > > 8:30 a.m.-8:45 a.m. > > > > S21C-03. CISN ShakeAlert - Towards a Prototype Earthquake Early > > Warning System for California M. Böse; R. M. Allen; H. Brown; G. B. > > Cua; D. Given; M. Fischer; E. Hauksson; T. H. Heaton; M. Hellweg; > T. > > H. Jordan; O. Khainovski; P. J. Maechling; D. S. Neuhauser; D. H. > > Oppenheimer; K. Solanki > > > > 8:45 a.m.-9:00 a.m. > > > > 21C-04. Earthquake Early Warning: A Prospective User's Perspective > > (Invited) S. P. Nishenko; W. U. Savage; T. Johnson > > > > USGS provides science for a changing world. For more information, >> visit www.usgs.gov . > > > > Subscribe to USGS News Releases via our electronic mailing list or > RSS feed. > > >> **** www.usgs.gov **** > > > > Links and contacts within this release are valid at the time of > publication. > > > > ______________________________________________ > > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > > > > > > > ______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | > www.hagi.or.id______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > > > > ______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > > ______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > > > > ______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > > ______________________________________________ > The Indonesian Assosiation Of Geophysicists mailing list. > [email protected] | www.hagi.or.id > > -- Sent from my mobile device -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PP-IAGI 2008-2011: ketua umum: LAMBOK HUTASOIT, [email protected] sekjen: MOHAMMAD SYAIFUL, [email protected] * 2 sekretariat (Jkt & Bdg), 5 departemen, banyak biro... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ayo siapkan makalah....!!!!! 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