[email protected] (Ted MacNEIL) writes:
> colleges and universities. Looking at the short term.
>
> You are SO right!
>
> Shortly after I graduated from Waterloo, IBM stopped that programme;
> shortly after that the University of Waterloo dropped COBOL as a
> requirement for co-op students.
>
>  Bingo! Bango! Bongo! The financial sector (Ontario & Toronto, at
> least) went elsewhere for co-op, or stopped their programmes,
> completely.
>
> Now, University of Waterloo computer graduates are PC weinies,
> web-masters, and gamers.
>
> University of Waterloo's defence?
>
> "We are here to teach. Not to prepare future employees."
>
> BS! I went to Waterloo to become employable with the best credentials
> available in the 1970's & 80's.
>
> Sorry for the topic drift, but I do think it all stemmed from IBM dropping 
> their generosity. 

in the 60s, IBM gave enormous educational discounts ... all that
appeared to have greatly curtailed with gov. litigation and the 23jun69
"unbundling" announcement (also started to charge for application
software, SE services, other changes) ... some past posts
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/submain.html#unbundle

then about the time various gov. sanctions expired in the early 80s, IBM
"ACIS" was formed ... which was provided with significant amount of
money for educational institutions. MIT Project Athena was jointly
funded by DEC & IBM ... each providing $25M ... CMU got $50M ... I think
ACIS initially got $300M for disbursement ... and when that was gone,
they got more. I don't know of any ACIS money that was used for
mainframes.

As an example, CMU did unix "work-alike" MACH ... which was leveraged by
Jobs at NeXT for its operating system, and became basis for MAC
operating system replacement when Jobs returns to Apple.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_%28kernel%29

Kerberos was done in Project Athena. At the time, we periodically are
asked to do periodic corporate visit to Project Athena to review their
projects. I remember being there the week cross-domain protocol was
being worked out 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_%28protocol%29

A decade ago, a small Kerberos service company in Seattle area ... at
the time, CEO was former head of IBM mainframe ... does a contract with
Microsoft to integrate Kerberos into Windows as its authentication
mechanism. We are working for a large financial services company and
were periodically on-site at the company for various reasons.

indirect reference in this article (although some is little garbled)
http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/stoprun/Stop-Run/Making-History/

BITNET (where this ibm-main mailing list originated) & its sibling
in Europe (EARN) was funded by IBM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET

note above is slightly garbled with respect to NJE & RSCS. RSCS was
originally done at the science center ... some past posts
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech

some past posts about BITNET/EARN
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#bitnet

RSCS/VNET was used for the internal network. JES2 with NJI/NJE had some
nodes on the internal network (much of the code was from HASP that had
source code identifier TUCC ... installation where it originated). The
RSCS had layered design (which JES didn't) and RSCS could do drivers
(like NJE) for other infrastructures. NJE used spare entries in the 255
psuedo-device table for network definitition ... (typically around 150
entries). Internal network was quickly greater than 255 nodes ...  and
NJE would trash traffic where it didn't have entry for either the origin
or the destination. As a result JES2 systems were limited to boundary
network nodes. Also NJE design was that traffic between JES2 systems at
different release levels ... had tendancy to crash JES2 and their
respective MVS systems. As a result, a library of RSCS NJE drivers
appeared early that could translate JES2 formats into whatever was
acceptable by the JES2 on the other end.

JES2 eventually got around shipping support for 999 nodes ... but it was
after the internal network had exceeded 1000 nodes.  misc. past posts
mentioning internal network
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#internalnet

eventually the company stopped shipping the RSCS native drivers to
customers ...  just the NJE drivers ... although the native RSCS
continued to be used internal ... in part because they were much more
efficient and had higher throughput.

person at the science center responsible for RSCS & internal network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edson_Hendricks

from above:

Meanwhile, in the fall of 1974, IBM announced System Network
Architecture (SNA) as its official communications strategy. SNA was
incompatible with VNET and with many of the networking ideas being
developed for what would be called the Internet, particularly with
TCP/IP. Hendricks and others lobbied vigorously within IBM for a change
in direction, but were rebuffed.

In 1976, MIT Professor Jerry Saltzer accompanied Hendricks to DARPA,
where Henricks described his innovations to the principal scientist,
Dr. Vinton P. Cerf. From that point on, Vint and other DARPA scientists
adopted Hendricks' connectionless approach. The result developed
into the Internet as we know it today.

... snip ...

note that tcp/ip is the technology basis for the modern internet, NSFNET
backbone was the operational basis for the modern internet, and CIX was
the business basis for the modern internet. Some past posts
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subnetwork.html#nsfnet

NSFNET backbone originally started out to be interconnection of the NSF
supercomputer and we were to get $20M to do it. Congress cuts the budget
and various other things happen and it gets reformed and an RFP is
released. Internal politics get in the way and prevents us from bidding.
The director of NSF tries to help and writes a letter to the
corporation, copying the CEO ... but that just aggravates the internal
politics (references to things like what we already had running is at
least five years ahead of all bid responses doesn't help). misc. old
email
http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/lhwemail.html#nsfnet

-- 
virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970

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