Perhatian-perhatian... yang suka/sering nempel di HP... disarankan
menggunakan headset/headset bluetooth demi kesehatan masing-masing.
The findings suggest a subtle slowing of brain activity related to
mobile phone use which is not explained by differences in
personality. ... The results showed that frequent mobile phone (GSM)
users were more extraverted and less open-minded (openness). ... the
brain activity from frequent mobile phone users showed more slow
activity (increased Delta and Theta) and a slowed Alpha Peak
Frequency.... Severely slowed brain activity has also been found in
patients with Alzheimer's dementia. ... , it could be expected that
the observed effects in this study could be exaggerated with longer
mobile phone use.
Research below:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The effect of mobile phone (GSM) use on Brain function
**
*Download here the full press-release: 'Slowed Brain Activity' in
Frequent Mobile Phone Users <http://www.brainclinics.com/file.php?fId=105>.*
**
*Electroencephalographic, personality and executive function measures
associated with frequent mobile phone use.*
Martijn Arns, Gilles van Luijtelaar, Alex Sumich, Rebecca Hamilton &
Evian Gordon
Published in the International Journal of Neuroscience
<http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content%7Econtent=a780841081>,
117:1341-1360, 2007.
For a _*reprint*_ of the full article please contact us
<http://www.brainclinics.com/index.php?pId=1>.
*Abstract* :
The present study employs standardized data acquired from the Brain
Resource International Database to study the relationship between mobile
phone (GSM) usage, personality and brain function (N=300). Based on the
frequency and duration of mobile phone usage, three groups were formed.
The findings suggest a subtle slowing of brain activity related to
mobile phone use which is not explained by differences in personality.
These changes are still within normal physiological ranges. Better
executive function in mobile phone users may reflect more focused
attention, possibly associated with a cognitive training effect (i.e.
frequently making phone calls in distracting places), rather than a
direct effect of mobile phone use on cognition.
Keywords: EEG slowing, neuropsychology, mobile phone, GSM, personality,
cognition.
/**/
/*Acknowledgements*
This study was kindly funded by the BIAL foundation (grant # 81/02).
Data from The Brain Resource International Database was generously
provided by the Brain Resource Company Pty Ltd. We would also like to
thank local BRC clinics for data collection, Tim Leslie at BRC Sydney
for developing a robust method for scoring all Alpha Peak Frequency data
and Nick Cooper for the second peak alpha analysis of the data.
All scientific decisions are made independent of Brain Resource
Companies's commercial decisions via the independently operated
scientific division, BRAINnet (//www.brainnet.org.au/
<http://www.brainnet.org.au/>/), which is overseen by the independently
funded Brain Dynamics Centre and scientist members.
/
/*Background*
/In previous studies the direct -- or acute effects - of Mobile Phone
(GSM) use on brain function have been investigated using
neuropsychological and neurophysiological techniques. Previous studies
suggests an association between acute GSM use and enhanced scores on
cognitive tests. These results have been mostly interpreted as being due
to small increases in brain temperature which lead to increased
metabolic activity and thus faster reaction times.
Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies show an increase in alpha EEG
power, mainly in the parietal and occipital areas during exposure to a
GSM-'like' field; during wakefulness (Croft et al., 2002; Schulze et
al.; Mann & Röschke, 1996; Krause et al., 2000b) and sleep (Lebedeva et
al., 2001; Borbely et al., 1999; Huber et al., 2000; 2002a; 2002b).
Furthermore, increases in theta power (Lebedeva et al., 2001) and
modulation of high frequency induced brain activity (Eulitz et al. 1998)
have been reported during MP exposure. In contrast, other studies find
no significant effects of MP exposure on spectral measures of the wake
and sleep EEG (Röschke & Mann 1997; Wagner et al. 2000; Eulitz et al.
1998). In more controlled studies, Krause et al (2004) and Haarala et al
(2003) failed to replicate previous findings. Thus, the acute effects of
GSM-use on EEG, memory or reaction time may be small, variable and not
easily replicable. Thus, results of the acute effects of an MP 'like'
field on brain function are inconclusive and reasons for the above
inconsistencies are unclear.
The relationship between the cumulative long-term and/or frequent use of
GSM use on brain function and information processing has not been
investigated yet. Therefore, this epidemiological study was designed to
gather data and explore the association between long term and/or
frequent GSM-use, brain function and personality. The Brain Resource
International Database (also see www.brainnet.org.au
<http://www.brainnet.org.au/>) was used to investigate personality,
neuropsychological performance and brain function as a function of
self-reported mobile phone use in a large group of healthy subjects.
*Results*
The results of our study show that Frequent mobile phone users showed
improved performance on the Stroop test and showed a lower interference
score, as can be seen in the figure below.
Furthermore, there was increased slow activity in the EEG (delta and
theta) related to the frequency of mobile phone use as can be seen below.
The alpha peak frequency was also lower for mobile phone users, and
there was a significant correlation between mobile phone use and Eyes
Open alpha peak frequency at central and right temporal sites.
These results cannot be explained by the pre-existing differences in
Personality and Stroop performance.
*Conclusion*
The results showed that frequent mobile phone (GSM) users were more
extraverted and less open-minded (openness). Furthermore, frequent
mobile phone users showed improved focused attention (less interference
on the Stroop). This was explained by a learning effect due to making
more often phone calls in busy environments, whereby people learn to
better focus on the phone call and filtering out irrelevant
environmental information. However, the brain activity from frequent
mobile phone users showed more slow activity (increased Delta and Theta)
and a slowed Alpha Peak Frequency. These effects could not be explained
by the differences in personality and focused attention. Severely slowed
brain activity has also been found in patients with Alzheimer's
dementia. However, the slowing found in this study can still be
considered within 'normal' limits. The frequent mobile phone user group
used their mobile phone at the time of data collection on average only
2.4 years, which can currently be considered short. Therefore, it could
be expected that the observed effects in this study could be exaggerated
with longer mobile phone use.
For this study the 'Brain Resource Company International Brain Database'
was employed, which currently contains data from more than 17.000
people, on the basis of which this study could be replicated in a
cost-effective and time-efficient manner. Future studies should point
out whether this effect can be replicated in larger groups, with longer
mobile phone use and whether this slowed brain activity should be
considered adverse health effects or not.
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [biofeedback] Press release: 'Slowed Brain Activity' in
Frequent Mobile Phone Users
Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2007 12:59:55 +0200
From: Martijn Arns <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Organization: Brainclinics Treatment & Diagnostics
To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Dear List mates,
We have just released a press release on: 'Slowed Brain Activity' in
Frequent Mobile Phone Users after an article we just got published in the
International Journal of Neuroscience.
This study shows a decrease in Alpha Peak frequency together with increased
Delta and Theta for heavy mobile phone users related to the intensity of
mobile phone use. This effect is measurable in both the temporal regions and
the central regions, thereby suggesting the interacting mechanism between
electromagnetic fields and the brain might have a different interaction then
currently thought (heat exchange).
This press release can be downloaded from www.brainclinics.com
<http://www.brainclinics.com/>
For reprints of the article please contact me back-channel
([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Kind regards,
Martijn Arns
Director
Brainclinics Diagnostics B.V.
Brainclinics Treatment B.V.
Toernooiveld 100
6525 EC Nijmegen
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 24-7503505
GSM: +31 6-48177919
Fax: +31 84-2206116
E-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
URL: <http://www.brainclinics.com> www.brainclinics.com
The Brain Resource Company Netherlands B.V. has changed it's name to
Brainclinics Diagnostics B.V.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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