Earl Hood wrote:
(Catching up on mail)
  
Welcome back!
On September 27, 2005 at 14:53, Jim Fenton wrote:

  
    ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fenton/draft-fenton-dkim-threats-00.html
    

My initial comments, sorry if some may be dups:

* Introduction implies a different goal for DKIM than what the
  draft spec states.  Here, it only mentions DKIM being used to
  associate domain responsibility for a message vs "the sender of
  the message was authorized to use a given email address."
  
Good point; this was written somewhat after the base and SSP drafts and whatever description we use, it should be consistent.
* Bad actors in claimed originator's unit may be technically
  outside of the scope of DKIM, but it can affect its adoption.
  I.e.  If domains are unable, or unwilling, to control bad
  actors in their unit, then DKIM will be useless overhead.
  
Sure; the point here was that there are other mechanisms that complement DKIM within the claimed originator's and recipients units.  DKIM isn't generally useful in these places, and other things need to be deployed to make this effective.
  An obvious example is free email services like Yahoo, Hotmail, etc.
  Using a replay attack as described in section 6.3, DKIM signatures
  of such domains can be useless, hurting the effectiveness of all
  DKIM signatures.
  
I think of this as a separate issue from the previous paragraph, but yes, replay is a significant concern.
* 4.3 implies the benefit of having MUA-based DKIM verification.
  
That's only one way to deal with it.  Equally good is to have MTA-based DKIM verification and control the spoofing of Authentication-Results headers.
* The document talks about "origin addresses", implying that DKIM
  signatures are mainly applicable for such usages.  I.e. DKIM
  signatures are for use by originating domains and not necessarily
  any domain that wants to "claim responsibility" for a message.
  This goes back to previous threads about DKIM scope and who should,
  and should not, sign and when signing should occur.
  
I can see where you get that impression, but the emphasis on origin addresses is just because such a claim has more easily described value than a claim of responsibility from some other domain.
  I think there needs to be clear text somewhere on the scope of DKIM.
  This will help determine the value DKIM offers and the security
  threats to it.
  
I'm guessing this should go in the introduction?
* 5.2.1 does not state explicitly how DKIM is effective in dealing
  with attacks mentioned in second paragraph.  As noted in past
  discussions, mainly related to SSP, DKIM, as currently defined,
  has holes allowing forgery to go undetected.
  
I'll add some more detail.  The effectiveness comes from the fact that, if addresses from an address book were being used as From addresses on messages, the attacker would not normally be able to sign on behalf of these addresses.
* 5.2.3 should mention the "window" of such, and similiar, attacks.
  Is simple revocation (either via key or Doug's opaque ID method)
  sufficient to minimize the damage and deter attackers?
  
I expect the replay to happen effectively instantaneously, rendering the revocation techniques that have been discussed ineffective.
* Attacks on canonicalization methods is not mentioned.  I.e. Bad
  actors may exploit weakness in specific canonicalization methods to
  allow messages to pass signature validation but contain different
  content from what was originally signed.
  
The list of attacks in section 6 is not intended to be exhaustive.  But canonicalization attacks should perhaps be in the Security Considerations of the base draft.
* 6.3 should mention the use of complementary technologies, or
  possible extensions to DKIM.  To provide protection against replay
  as it is happening, envelope-based technologies will need to be
  employed.  I'm not sure that systems that rely on reacting to the
  attack after it has happened will be effective enough in deterring
  attackers.
  
By "envelope-based" I presume you mean SPF, Sender ID Framework, and/or CSV.  We should not create a normative dependency on any of these in the DKIM specs, but I think they're worth mentioning in the threat analysis.

-Jim

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