Dear all,
As a short answer to the earlier mails, - I stand by what I said in
spite of the issues Garg ji  has raised. Some reasons have already
been pointed out by Vijay ji.

Before I proceed to give a long answer, I would like to ask all here
some questions,
a. What is the accuracy of identification that we are aiming for?
My answer -for every plant I want a "scientifically accurate" identification.

b. What is the reason for scientific accuracy?
Because I see that handbooks and electronic databases, are now very
commonly being used for ecological surveys, environment impact
assessments, teaching, making books, making environment education
material, species distribution mapping, natural resource management
planning, ( For each of this- I can give an example from real life
where it was done). All this work requires scientific accuracy of
identification. Even many of the laymen (-a word I dont like to use)
are experts in their own field where they use this knowledge, for
example ayurvedic doctors who want to know plants to be used in
medicine.

c. Can we guarantee scientific accuracy of identification from a photo?
But before that, what kind of photo? - a simple reporting picture (as
are most on this mailing list) lacks most characters of id. I always
try to point out what more is required and some like Dr. Satish Phadke
are taking more and more pics with necessary key characters.

For the tricky families, if a person can take a picture showing all
necessary characters for the identification it will be possible to id
even grasses,sedges, eriocaulons clearly. But with the characters in
question, it will mean not only macro photos, but scanning electron
micrographs for characters of nut. How many can do this?

It is true that an expert, with his vast field knowledge can take one
look at a specimen and tell you what it is. Rani and Anilkumar (I know
both of them personally) on this group who know grasses well can do
it, . They have certain field characters in their mind by which they
do it, and they will turn out to be correct in most cases.  But if
others try to use that photo for more identifications from similar
looking plants, they might get it wrong.

Dr. S. R. Yadav, of Kolhapur university and his PHD students working
on Poaceae of Maharashtra have developed an EXCELLENT set of
photographs of grass genera, from which identification is easy and
ACCURATE. I do hope they publish it soon. If one can get pictures like
that, then I will not mind id from digital photos.

for the rest of garg ji's points-

> We can't wait for the perfect things (which never will in any case) to happen.
- It is not perfection but ACCURACY being discussed. Even a bad photo
of a tiger is enough for id. But with the greatest photo of flowering
sedge it still is difficult to accurately distinguish Pycreas and
Cyperus.

> Our Floras only bulky technical details, hardly readable to a laymen.
Well I agree only partially to this, some floras of present are not
even good enough for a trained experienced taxonomist to use. But
please remember that floras were and will be written for those trained
in the subject. If a person trains him/herself to understand the
subject (like many notable examples on this group) they will follow it
too.
BTW, any technical subject book is going to be difficult to follow for
a person not from the background. I can hardly hope to easily
understand medical textbooks, or computer software books, though I
would love to diagnose my own sickness and write my own software
programmes.

>Or we simply stop photographing or knowing about Poaceae, Cyperaceae etc.
Well this is subjective. Those who want, can continue to do it as it
is, (and I attach the taxonomist's warning) or do it after reading up
technical literature on identification of these species and try and
get as many characters in the photo as possible (in that case my
warnings become little diluted, depending on the nature of the
photograph....)

Also as I have worded the warning, - it says "confirm" the
identification. A "confirmed identification" is where there is no
doubt remaining about the identity of the species in that photograph.
A simple identification is where there remains a chance that the
identification is wrong, and hence use of that identification is at
the person's own risk. The photo and subsequent comments on it can
give pointers, indications, as I usually try to give (for less complex
families), if I am not sure about identification based on the photo
alone.

Perhaps you should also put this subject on the mailing list of Indian
Association of Angiosperm Taxonomists. It will be most interesting to
hear their views.

Regards
Aparna

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