Anand Kumar ji
Many plants fertile or sterile can (or made to do so by applying rooting
agents) propagate by vegetative means such as stem pices, rhizomes, tubers,
etc. The fertile plants can also be propagated by seeds, while the sterile
plants can't as they don't produce viable (fully developed which can give
rise to new plants). As far as making sterile plant fertile it is occurring
in nature and can done by colchicine treatment.
As for as long day plants are concerned, there are some plants which
will flower only when day length exceeds a certain critical time of
exposure to sun (different plants have different critical limit), similarly
some plants will flower when day length becomes shorter than a certain
critical, we call them short day plants. As as general statement as we go
away from equator, the day length increases in summer, and shortens in
winter progressively, most long day plants grow and flower in summer, and
short day closer to winter. Near equator where day length does not change
much during summers and winters, we have a third category of plants called
day neutral plants, for which a particular day length change (this side or
that side) is not essential for flowering.
I hope I have been able to satisfy Anand Kumar ji.
--
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/
On Wed, Mar 17, 2010 at 3:17 PM, Anand Kumar Bhatt <[email protected]>wrote:
> So what is the correct reply to Samir's query? Have the Indians been able
> to develop a fertile hybrid breed of bougainvillea? My layman's knowledge
> says that even in non-hybrid bougainvillea propagation is possible only by
> vegetative methods.
> And what is meant by long day plant please.
> Thanks for such detailed reply you have given.
> ak
>
>
> On Wed, Mar 17, 2010 at 1:20 PM, Gurcharan Singh <[email protected]>wrote:
>
>> Sorry for having missed the original post of Samir ji. The plants of
>> hybrid nature are often sterile (say a diploid plant resulting from a cross
>> between two diploid species) because when meiosis occurs during the
>> formation of male gametes (in anther) and female gamete (in ovule) there
>> can't be normal pairing between chromosomes, because there is only one set
>> from each species, Hybridization followed by duplication of chromosomes
>> establishes a tetraploid (allopolyploid; amphiploid) with normal pairing as
>> both genomes are in pairs. Such a tetraploid hybrid with distinct
>> characteristics will reproduce normally and would be fertile. Such
>> duplication of chromosome numbers occurs naturally in genera like Senecio
>> and Tragopogon. A triploid hybrid between a diploid species and a
>> tetraploid species may, similarly, not survive or reproduce sexually as
>> genome from the diploid parent would exhibit the problem of pairing at
>> meiosis but the hybridization followed by duplication leading to hexaploidy
>> can form a perfectly normal independent species. Senecio (Asteraceae)
>> includes the diploid S. squalidus (2n = 20), the tetraploid S. vulgaris (2n
>> = 40) and the hexaploid S. cambrensis (2n = 60). The last is intermediate in
>> morphology between the first two and is found in the area where these two
>> grow. Additionally, sterile triploid hybrids between two species have been
>> reported. It seems clear that S. cambrensis is an allohexaploid between the
>> other two species. Tragopogon mirus (2n = 24), a tetraploid species arose as
>> an amphiploid between two diploid species, T. dubius and T. porrifolius (2n
>> = 12). The most significant case, however, is the common bread wheat
>> Triticum aestivum, a hexaploid with AABBDD genome. Genome analyses have
>> confirmed that genome A is derived from the diploid T. monococcum, B from
>> Aegilops speltoides, both genomes being represented in the tetraploid T.
>> dicoccum. Genome D is derived from the diploid Aegilops tauschii.
>> What nature does, man has achieved by commonly the use of colchicine.
>> A diploid sterile species can be rendered fertile by doubling the chromosome
>> number through colchicine treatment and making it fertile. tetraploid.
>> Incidently I had described and named a new tetraploid species
>> Tragopogon kashmirianus in 1976.
>>
>>
>> --
>> Dr. Gurcharan Singh
>> Retired Associate Professor
>> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
>> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
>> Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089
>> http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ <http://people.du.ac.in/%7Esinghg45/>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Wed, Mar 17, 2010 at 11:02 AM, Anand Kumar Bhatt <
>> [email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>> Gurcharanji, can you enlighten?
>>> ak
>>>
>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>> From: Anand Kumar Bhatt <[email protected]>
>>> Date: Wed, Mar 17, 2010 at 5:55 AM
>>> Subject: Re: [efloraofindia:28219] Species of bougainvillea which is
>>> fertile & long day plant (Samir Takaochi)
>>> To: "J.M. Garg" <[email protected]>
>>>
>>>
>>> Gargji, what is a fertile and long day plant? Being an amateur, I am not
>>> aware of these terms.
>>> Thanks
>>> ak
>>>
>>>
>>> On Wed, Feb 24, 2010 at 1:54 PM, J.M. Garg <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Forwarding again for any assistance pl. in the matter.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>>> From: Samir Takaochi <[email protected]>
>>>> Date: 2010/1/21
>>>> Subject: [efloraofindia:26680] Species of bougainvillea which is fertile
>>>> & long day plant (Samir Takaochi)
>>>> To: indiantreepix <[email protected]>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Hello, friends. I would like to seek guidance from all of you.
>>>>
>>>> Generally its infertile after repeaded genetical control.
>>>>
>>>> But I heard that Indian scholar has challenged and made it fertile by
>>>> making diploid species into tetraploid through colchicine treatment.
>>>>
>>>> My question:
>>>>
>>>> *Is there spieces of bougainvillea which is fertile in India and is it
>>>> easily avaialble in the market? *
>>>>
>>>> *Also Bougainvillea is said as short day plant, but I observed that
>>>> generally species of bougainvillea in Indian park is long‐day plant. Is it
>>>> correct?*
>>>>
>>>> Could someone advice me?
>>>>
>>>> Best Regards,
>>>>
>>>> Samir Takaochi
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
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>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>> With regards,
>>>> J.M.Garg ([email protected])
>>>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1
>>>> 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'
>>>> Image Resource of more than a thousand species of Birds, Butterflies,
>>>> Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise):
>>>> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg
>>>> For learning about Indian Flora, visit/ join Google e-group-
>>>> Efloraofindia:http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix
>>>>
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>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Anand Kumar Bhatt
>>> A-59, B.S.F.Colony, Airport Road
>>> Gwalior. 474 005.
>>> Tele: 0751-247 2233. Mobile 0 94253 09780.
>>> My blogsite is at:
>>> http://anandkbhatt.blogspot.com
>>> (A new blog has been added on 11 March 10.)
>>> And the photo site:
>>> www.flickr.com/photos/akbhatt/
>>> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>> Ten most common surnames of Indians: Singh, Kumar, Sharma, Patel, Shah,
>>> Lal, Gupta, Bhat, Rao, Reddy. Cheers!
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Anand Kumar Bhatt
>>> A-59, B.S.F.Colony, Airport Road
>>> Gwalior. 474 005.
>>> Tele: 0751-247 2233. Mobile 0 94253 09780.
>>> My blogsite is at:
>>> http://anandkbhatt.blogspot.com
>>> (A new blog has been added on 11 March 10.)
>>> And the photo site:
>>> www.flickr.com/photos/akbhatt/
>>> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>> Ten most common surnames of Indians: Singh, Kumar, Sharma, Patel, Shah,
>>> Lal, Gupta, Bhat, Rao, Reddy. Cheers!
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
> --
> Anand Kumar Bhatt
> A-59, B.S.F.Colony, Airport Road
> Gwalior. 474 005.
> Tele: 0751-247 2233. Mobile 0 94253 09780.
> My blogsite is at:
> http://anandkbhatt.blogspot.com
> (A new blog has been added on 11 March 10.)
> And the photo site:
> www.flickr.com/photos/akbhatt/
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Ten most common surnames of Indians: Singh, Kumar, Sharma, Patel, Shah,
> Lal, Gupta, Bhat, Rao, Reddy. Cheers!
>
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