Congrats. Prof. Singh. It is really engrossing. Promila On Fri, Jun 18, 2010 at 3:28 PM, Rashida Atthar <[email protected]>wrote:
> Thanks a lot Sir for the great efforts in putting this complicated family > together. I think if we can put the correct pictures with them, than it > will be complete. > > regards, > Rashida. > > > On Sun, Jun 13, 2010 at 10:29 PM, Satish Phadke <[email protected]>wrote: > >> That is just Great !! >> >> >> On 13 June 2010 18:47, Gurcharan Singh <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Journey towards eFlora of India: Small steps >>> >>> Solanum >>> >>> Some days back I had written to Tabish ji about status of our databases >>> and journey towards the preparation of eFlora of India. We seem to have >>> reached collecting some data concerning roughly 20 per cent of Indian Flora. >>> A rich eFlora should have a few photographs of each species (the major >>> strength of our eFlora project), descriptions of species (already a part of >>> Flowers of India, but some elaboration needed), Correct nomenclature status >>> (partially achieved, authorities and references need be entered). Our >>> databases also have added strength of having local names of plants in >>> different languages. To my mind two major activities need to be undertaken: >>> >>> 1. 1. Preparation of list of species under each genus reported in >>> India (wild as well as cultivated) so that members can focus on the >>> remaining species and upload their photographs to ensure complete >>> representation of each genus. >>> >>> 2. 2. To prepare easy identification keys for the species reported >>> from India, to help members and surfers easy identification of species >>> >>> The situation with regard to present documentation of Indian Flora is >>> that we still have to depend on regional Floras, and older these get, less >>> reliable they become. There is no better example than the genus Solanum, >>> which has been focus of our attention periodically and recently enthusiastic >>> efforts of Yazdy ji (who says that only trained taxonomists, with sound >>> knowledge of technical details only can contribute to our floristic >>> knowledge?, we have to learn a lot from persons like him; Garg ji, Dinesh >>> ji, Tabish ji and several other veterans have already proved that) and Raghu >>> ji uploading many photographs. I begin with this genus building up taxonomic >>> status of species, and request other members to suggest improvements so that >>> we know species representation in our subcontinent. You may please look up >>> in recent revisions, local floras and suggest species that needs to be >>> added. I have tentatively grouped them for easy reference and >>> identification. >>> >>> A. Herbs without prickles >>> >>> 1. 1. *Solanum nigrum* L.:BLACK NIGHTSHADE, COMMON HIGHTSHADE-- >>> Mature berries black, globose, 8-10 mm across; peduncles almost twice as >>> long as pedicels; fruiting calyx appressed to fruit; corolla 8-10 mm across; >>> anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long. >>> >>> 2. 2. *Solanum villosum *(L.) Moench. (syn: Solanum nigrum L. var. >>> villosum L.; eFlora of Pak.; S. alatum Moench.; S. luteum Mill; S. miniatum >>> Bernh. Ex Willd.; s. nigrum auct. (non L.)): RED NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries >>> orange to orange-red, ovoid, 6-8 mm across; peduncles shorter than or >>> equaling pedicels; anthers 2 mm long. >>> >>> 3. 3. *Solanum americanum* Mill. (syn: S. nigrum sensu Trimen Handb. >>> Fl. Ceylone 3: 231, 1895): AMERICAN NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries black, >>> globose, 5-8 mm across; peduncle twice as long as pedicels; fruiting calyx >>> spreading; corolla 3-5 mm across; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. >>> >>> 4. 4. *Solanum lycopersicum* L. (syn: Lycopersicon esculentum >>> Mill.): TOMATO--Leaves pinnate compound; flowers yellow; calyx enlarging in >>> fruit. >>> >>> 5. 5. * **Solanum tuberosus* L.: Potato-- plants tuberous; leaves >>> pinnate; flowers white or purplish >>> >>> B. Herbs with Prickles >>> >>> 6. 6. *Solanum mammosum* L. : MACAWBUSH, NIPLEFRUIT--densely hairy >>> and prickly herb; flowers mauve; fruits ovoid-oblong, 4-7 cm long, yellow, >>> pointed, with several lobes near base >>> >>> 7. 7. *Solanum sisymbrifolium* Lam.: DENSE-THORN-BITTER-APPLE, >>> STICKY NIGHTSHADE--Prickly herb, leaves deeply pinnately lobed; flowers >>> white; fruit bright red, globose, 1-1.5 cm, enclosed in prickly calyx. >>> >>> C. Herbs with woody base armed or unarmed >>> >>> 8. 8.* **Solanum melanogena* L.: EGG PLANT : Usually anarmed, >>> sometimes armed especially in wild; flocosse-pubescent; leaves sinuate; >>> flowers usually solitary, rarely few-flowered; corolla 2-4 cm across, >>> bluish; fruits globose or ovoid, more than 3 cm long. >>> >>> 9. 9. *Solanum integrifolium *Poir.: TOMATO EGG PLANT, SCARLET EGG >>> PLANT--Bushy herb, prickles hooked; plant scurfy; leaves sinuately lobed; >>> flowers white, in clusters of 2-6, 2 cm across; fruit globose, scarlet or >>> yellow, 4-6 cm across. >>> >>> D. Climbers without prickles >>> >>> 10. 10. *Solanum laxum *Spreng (syn: S. jasminoides Paxt.): >>> POTATO-VINE, JASMINE NIGHTSHADE--Leaves simple, sometimes lobed at base; >>> flowers white or tinged blue. >>> >>> 11. 11. *Solanum dulcamara* L.: EUROPEAN BITTERSWEET—leaves simple, >>> entire or 3-lobed at base; fls. Violet spotted with green, 11-13 mm across; >>> fruit ovoid, scarlet, 8-10 mm across. >>> >>> 12. 12. *Solanum seaforthianum* Andr. (syn: S. venustum Kunth): >>> BRAZILIAN NIGHTSHADE, POTATO CREEPER-- Leaves pinnate; flowers lilac; fruits >>> small, globose, bright red. >>> >>> E. Climbers with prickles >>> >>> 13. 13. *Solanum wendlandii* Hook.f.: COSTA RICAN NIGHTSHADE, GIANT >>> POTATO CREEPER, PARADISE FLOWER--Leaves pinnate, prickles curved; flowers >>> lilac, 5-6 cm across; fruit globose. >>> >>> F. Shrubs without prickles, flowers white >>> >>> 14. 14. *Solanum pseudo-capsicum* L.: JERUSALEM-CHERRY---Glabrous >>> shrub; leaves narrow-oblong to oblanceolate, entire; peduncle almost absent; >>> fls 1-3 together, white, 1-1.5 cm across,; fruit 1-2 cm across, scarlet or >>> orange. >>> >>> 15. 15. *Solanum diphyllum *L.: TWOLEAF NIGHTSHADE—Glabrous hrubLeaves >>> elliptic , in unequal pairs; peduncle distinct 3-12 mm long; flowers more >>> than 3, white, 4-6 mm across; fruit erect, orange, 7-12 mm across, slightly >>> bilobed. >>> >>> 16. 16. *Solanum erianthum* D. Don (syn: S. verabscifolium L.): Big >>> eggplant, China flowerleaf—Single-stemmed shrub or small tree; leaves >>> towards tips of branches, with yellowish stellate hairs; inflorescence >>> bifurcating, felted; flowers creamy white; fruit globose, 1 cm across, >>> yellow covered with stellate hairs >>> >>> G. Shrubs without prickles, flowers blue or purple >>> >>> 17. 17. *Solanum pubescens* Willd. Small shrub with ashy-grey >>> tomentum; four anthers 4 mm long, one almost 8 mm; fruit globose, glossy >>> red, 1.5 cm across. >>> >>> 18. 18. *Solanum mauritianum* Scop. (syn: s. auriculatum Ait.): Bug >>> tree, Wild tomato tree—Shrub or small tree, branches and leaves, grey-green, >>> not silvery white; leaf axils with small auricle-like leaves; corolla blue, >>> 9-11 mm across; fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, orange-yellow, densely >>> stellate pubescent. >>> >>> 19. 19. *Solanum kurzii* Brace—Small tree with stellate tomentum; >>> leaves lobed; fls 8-10 mm across, purple. >>> >>> H. Shrubs with prickles , prickles straight, without broad base; >>> flowers white >>> >>> 20. 20. *Solanum capsicoides* All. (syn: S. aculeatissimum Clarke in >>> FBI 4:237 (non. Jacq.); S. ciliatum Lam.): COCKROACH-BERYY, DEVILS’ >>> APPLE--Small shrub not taller than 50 cm; prickles straight, needle-like; >>> leaves acutely lobed; calyx prickly; corolla 6 mm across; fruit globose 2.5 >>> cm across, pale green with dark green markings, orange red at maturity. >>> >>> 21. 21. *Solanum lasiocarpum *Scop. (syn: S. ferox Clarke FBI 4:233 >>> (non L.); S. straminifolium Gandhi & Saldanha Fl Hassan Dist. 462 (non >>> Jacq.)): INDIAN NIGHTSHADE, MAO QUI—Shrub with long straight prickles, >>> densely pubescent; leaves up to 40 cm long with short triangular lobes; >>> infl. Few-fld; corolla 1.2 cm across, white; fruit globose 2-3 cm across, >>> orange, densely covered with hairs. >>> >>> I. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >>> white >>> >>> 22. 22. *Solanum torvum* Sw.: DEVIL’ FIG, PEA EGGPLANT, >>> TURKEYBERRY—branches stellate hairy; leaves coarsely sinuate, unequal sided >>> at base; inflorescence with numerous flowers, dichotomous; flowers 2-2.5 cm >>> across, white; fruit 8-12 mm across, globose, yellow turning orange. >>> >>> 23. 23. *Solanum anguivi* Lam. (syn: S. distichum Schum.; S. indicum >>> auct. (non L.); S. sodomeum L.); Shrub with spreading branches; prickles >>> few, short; stellate hairy; leaves elliptical-ovate or with 2–4 pairs of >>> lobes, base oblique; fls in raceme-like cyme, 5–15-flowered; corolla 6–12 mm >>> across, white, occasionally with pale purple veins on the outer surface; >>> fruit subglobose, 7–18 mm, green or white when young, red when ripe, in >>> clusters of up to 20 fruits. >>> >>> 24. 24. *Solanum hispidum *Pers.: DEVILS’ FIG—Hispid shrub or tree, >>> prickles curved down; leaves deeply pinnately lobed, ferruginous; corolla >>> white, 3 cm across; fruit globose, 15 mm across, yellowish brown. >>> >>> 25. 25. *Solanum aculeatissimum *Jacq. (syn: S. khasianum Cl.): DUTCH >>> EGGPLANT, LOVE APPLE—Shrub hirsute with long soft hairs, prickles up to 2 cm >>> long, with broad base, straight or slightly curved; leaves deeply lobed; >>> corolla white or pink, 2 cm across; berry globose, 2-3 cm across, pale >>> yellow. >>> >>> 26. 26. *Solanum viarum* Dunal (syn: S. khasianum Cl. var. >>> chatterjeanum S. Gupta): TROPICAL SODA APPLE—Small shrub with glandular >>> hairs; prickles up to 5 mm long, curved as well straight; infl 1-5 fld, >>> peduncle reduced; corolla white; berry pale yellow, 2-3 cm across. >>> >>> J. Shrubs with prickles, prickles straight; flowers blue or >>> violet >>> >>> 27. 27. *Solanum virginianum* L. (syn: S. xanthocarpum Schrad. & >>> Wendl.; S. surattense Burm.f.): YELLOW FRUIT NIGHTSHADE—Small prickly shrub >>> up to 40 cm; prickles straight yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and >>> glabrescent; fls 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across. >>> >>> K. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >>> blue or purple >>> >>> 28. 28. *Solanum violaceum * Ortega (syn: Solanum indicum Clarke in >>> FBI 4: 234 (non L.); Slender shrub with short curved prickles; leaves lobed, >>> unequal at base; corolla-blue-purple, 2-2.5 cm across; fruit, globose, >>> orange, 1 cm across. >>> >>> 29. 29. *Solanum trilobatum* L.: Scrambling shrub, prickles curved; >>> leaves obtusely 3-5 lobed; infl. 3-9 fld; corolla purple, 2-3cm across; >>> fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, scarlet. >>> >>> L. Shrubs with prickles on stem, not on leaves >>> >>> 30. 30. *Solanum giganteum *Jacq.: African holly—Single-stemmed >>> tree-like; prickles stout, short; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, glossy >>> above, silvery-white beneath; cymose clusters on 2-3 cm long peduncle; >>> flowers mauve, ca 1 cm across; fruit 9-11 mm across, globose, glossy red >>> when mature. >>> >>> 31. 31. *Solanum gracilipes* Decne—small shrub, hairs stellate; leaves >>> small, about 4 cm long, cordate; infl. 1-3 fld; fls 2 cm across. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Dr. Gurcharan Singh >>> Retired Associate Professor >>> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 >>> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018. >>> Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089 >>> http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "efloraofindia" group. >>> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>> [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> >>> . >>> For more options, visit this group at >>> http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. >>> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "efloraofindia" group. >> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> >> . >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. >> > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "efloraofindia" group. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> > . > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "efloraofindia" group. 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