*Plantago afra *L. and *Plantago indica *L. appears quite close and confusing. I perused the illustration and description from Flora of Pakistan <http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=5&start_taxon_id=125735> where both are listed. *Plantago indica *L.: <http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250064177> Annual herb. Stems usually 20-30 (-60) cm tall, loosely covered with short glandular hairs, branches axillary. *Leaves opposite, flat, up to 6 (-8) cm long, (2-) 3-4 mm broad*, *narrow-linear to linear-lanceolate, attenuated upwards, apices obtuse,* entire to rarely slightly dentate. Inflorescence opposite in the axils of the upper leaves. *Peduncles 5-6 cm long*, subpatent. Spikes dense, many flowered, 1-1.5 (-1.75) cm long, ovate-elliptic. *Lower parts of the two lower most bracts rotundate-ovate, up to 4 mm long, then abruptly contracted and produced in to a narrow, thick, 4-6 mm rarely to 10 mm long acuminate upper part,* covered with long white, glandular hairs; *upper bracts very distinct from the lower ones, rotundate ovate to obovate, apices nearly truncate*. Description from Flora of China <http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242417001>: Herbs, annual. Taproot tenuous. *Stems, leaves, inflorescences, and sepals white glandular pubescent. *Stem erect, (10-) 20-60 cm tall, branched, internode elongate. Leaves cauline, opposite, seldom in whorls of 3; petiole inconspicuous; *leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-6(-8) cm × 1-4(-5) mm, papery*, veins (1 or)3, *base decurrent onto petiole, *margin entire, *apex acuminate. *Inflorescences arising from leaf axil apically from middle of stem; spikes ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.7-2 cm, densely flowered; peduncle 2-8 cm;* basal most bracts 0.5-2 cm but reduced apically, base orbicular-ovate, apex cuspidate*. FoP illustration <http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=115693&flora_id=5> FoC illustration <http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=120086&flora_id=2>
*Plantago afra* L. <http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250033097> : Annual herb with well developed stems. Stems up to 30 cm long, erect to slightly ascendent, upper parts covered with short hard, glandular hairs in young plants; stem usually branched in the upper part. *Leaves opposite, thin, 3-6 cm long, 1.5-3 (-4) mm broad,* *linear to linear-lanceolate,* entire to denate, *narrowed gradually at both ends, *apices ± obtuse, base slightly dilated, covered sparsely with short, hard, glandular hairs. Inflorescence axillary, *peduncles 3-5 cm long*, spreading, hairy. Spikes 8-12 (-15) mm long, dense elliptic to short cylindrical-ovate. *Bracts 3-8 mm long, slightly concave, narrow-ovate to ovate, in the upper part produced into a long, narrow acuminate part, in the upper flowers the produced parts shorter, *covered with intermixed short and long glandular and nonglandular hairs. FoP illustration <http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=115686&flora_id=5> Flora of Pakistan <http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=250033097> says "Specimens collected by Miss Nishat Akhtar and Abida Begum from Swat and Hazara respectively are similar to *Plantago afra* in all the characters except that the bracts in these two specimens are very broad and long, even longer than the length of the spikes. Such long bracts are typical of *Plantago indica* but in *Plantago indica* the leaves are filiform and usually revolute at the margins, while these specimens have lanceolate, flat, leaves. These specimens after comparison with the types and more collection may prove to be a new variety of *Plantago indica."* In view, I am in favour of going for *Plantago indica *L. for the time being. Catalogue of life <http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/36199f9dab12e79ecc6f29394acfad0f> (*Plantago arenaria* subsp. *arenaria* syn. *Plantago indica* L.) gives its distribution in J & K (I), while POWO <http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:685262-1> considers *Plantago indica *L. as an accepted name with bibliography showing Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2019). Flora of North America North of Mexico 17: 1-737. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford as the latest reference. Links of *Plantago indica *syn. *P. arenaria*: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_arenaria https://candidegardening.com/US/plants/3982585f-04df-49cf-b7ae-ebbdc0aed5d3 https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/plantago/arenaria/ http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/Plants%20of%20Upper%20Newport%20Bay%20%28Robert%20De%20Ruff%29/Plantaginaceae/Plantago%20indica.htm https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=11026 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PLAR6 http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=Plantago%20arenaria https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plantago_arenaria On Sat, 6 Jun 2020 at 11:12, Tabish <[email protected]> wrote: > *Plantago indica* photographed by (late) Krishan Lal ji, in Sirmaur > distt, Himachal Pradesh. > Best wishes > Tabish > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "efloraofindia" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web, visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/5be83d57-c9a2-4910-9d8c-05edf614da35o%40googlegroups.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/5be83d57-c9a2-4910-9d8c-05edf614da35o%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- With regards, J.M.Garg 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna' <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1> Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia <https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/award-for-efloraofindia>. For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/indiantreepix> (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website <https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/> (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,50,000 images are directly displayed on 31.1.20). The whole world uses my Image Resource <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg> of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image. Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "efloraofindia" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion on the web, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/CA%2BiuSFAS9B4k4Rw1-jKzU45j2rBjAFOXDZN1YfGV355oKaDv6Q%40mail.gmail.com.
