*Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis* (Roxb. ex Hardw.) Mabb. [image: Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis (Roxb. ex Hardw.) Mabb.] <https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109452841>
¿ *flo-GO-ah-KAN-thus* ? -- Greek: *phlogos* (flame); *ákantha* (thorn) ... Dave's Botanary <http://davesgarden.com/guides/botanary/> ¿ *thur-SEE-for-miss* ? -- flowers arranged in the form of a thyrse (a flower cluster with a central spike that has side branches also clustered with flowers) ... Dave's Botanary <http://davesgarden.com/guides/botanary/> *commonly known as*: Himalayan ruellia, red flame-acanthus • *Ahom*: titaphul • *Assamese*: ৰঙা বাহক ronga-bahoka, তিতাবাহক titabahak, তিতাফূল titaphul • *Bengali*: লাল বাসক lal basak • *Bodo*: barshikha bibar goja • *Chakma*: basakpata • *Garhwali*: kaldona, kawadoni • *Garo*: ellot, kimchit, verua kain cheit • *Hajong*: chunchuni tita • *Hindi*: चुहाई chuhai, लाल बासक lal basak • *Jaintia*: jia merembut • *Karbi*: jakan, jaogan, rambha arong, tadongmiow • *Khasi*: barsiku, baskabomphang, dieng-soh-ja-buid, dieng-soh-kajut, ja-boit, jathang-heh, soh-ja-jut, tadang-kakseu • *Kumaoni*: kaldona, kawadoni • *Lepcha*: rheeom, sumcher • *Manipuri*: ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ নোঙমাঙখা অঙাঙবা nongmangkha angangba • *Maring*: shimrim • *Michi*: bashkah • *Mishing*: লাল ভাচাক lal-vasak, তিতা ভাচাক tita-vasak • *Mizo*: kawldai-par-eng, khumtiangkohha • *Nepali*: चुवा chuwaa, तिते tite • *Nyishi*: keralang • *Rabha*: chakkai mekha, khakai par • *Tangkhul*: sipchang • *Tangsa*: phikhip *botanical names*: *Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis* (Roxb. ex Hardw.) Mabb. ... *homotypic synonyms*: *Justicia thyrsiformis* Roxb. ex Hardw. ... *heterotypic synonyms*: *Justicia thyrsiflora* Roxb. • *Justicia thyrsoides* Roxb. ex Nees • *Phlogacanthus longisepalus* Bremek. • *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... POWO <https://powo.science.kew.org/>, retrieved 09 July 2025 Bibliography / etymology Links listed as references in the notes below, may not remain valid permanently. Portals / websites have a tendency to re-organize / revise their content, leading to change in URLs of pages in their site. Some sites may even close down at their own will. The bits about the languages of India <https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2023/12/languages-of-india.html> mentioned below are merely some bare facts gathered from the internet; just enough to satisfy curiosity about "where" could the listed names be best prevalent in India. All English transliterated names to be taken *sensu amplo*. ~~~~~ ENGLISH ~~~~~ written and spoken widely, in most parts of India *Himalayan ruellia* - Mallick J K. 2020. An annotated checklist of Dicotyledonus Angiosperms in Darjeeling Himalayas and foothills, West Bengal, India. <https://www.researchtrend.net/jnbr/pdf/An%20annotated%20checklist%20of%20Dicotyledonus%20Angiosperms%20in%20Darjeeling%20Himalayas.pdf> J New Biol Rep 9(2): 94- 208. *red flame-acanthus* - Flowers of India <https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Flame-Acanthus.html>, retrieved July 09, 2025 ~~~~~ AHOM ~~~~~ written in: *Ahom* ... mainly used by priests and scholars for religious and educational purposes; spoken in: erstwhile *Ahom kingdom* (some part in present day Assam) ... other names for this language: Tai-Ahom *titaphul* - Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India <https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/home?authuser=0> - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 09 July 2025 - the name needs to be rendered in native script ~~~~~ ASSAMESE ~~~~~ written in: *Assamese* (অসমীয়া) ... spoken in: *Assam*, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya *ৰঙা বাহক ronga-bahoka, তিতাবাহক titabahak, তিতাফূল titaphul* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Flora of Assam <https://archive.org/details/FloraOfAssam3/mode/2up?view=theater> Vol III by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De ~~~~~ BENGALI ~~~~~ written in: *Bengali* (বাংলা) ... spoken in: *West Bengal*, Assam, Jharkhand, Tripura, Andaman & Nicobar Islands *লাল বাসক lal basak* - Barnali Gogoi, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti, Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Ashis Kr. Goswami - Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* Nees: A Review <https://www.globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v23-2/31.pdf> - Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 23(2), Nov – Dec 2013; nᵒ 31, 175-179 ~~~~~ BODO ~~~~~ written in: *Devanagari* or Latin ... spoken in: *Assam* ... other names for this language: Boro *barshikha bibar goja* - Dipali Deka (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43377> - Shodhganga ~~~~~ CHAKMA ~~~~~ written in: *Chakma* (𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄞𑄌𑄴, *Changhma Bhach* or *Ajha Path*), Latin, Bengali ... spoken in: *Mizoram*, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam ... spoken by: the Chakma (or Changhma) people and Daingnet people *basakpata* - Das, Sudipta & Duttachoudhury, Manabendra. (2009). Ethno-Medicobotanical Observations On Some Tribal Communities Of Tripura State. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215469342> Pleione. 3. 89-95. ~~~~~ GARHWALI ~~~~~ written in: *Devanagari* (गढ़वळि) ... spoken in: *Uttarakhand* *kaldona, kawadoni* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3252/mode/2up> - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun - the name needs to be rendered in native script ~~~~~ GARO ~~~~~ written in: *Roman*, Bengali-Assamese, A-Chik Tok'birim ... spoken in: *Meghalaya*, Assam *ellot* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Flora of Assam <https://archive.org/details/FloraOfAssam3/mode/2up?view=theater> Vol III by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De *kimchit* - Dipali Deka (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43377> - Shodhganga *verua kain cheit* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Kayang, Highland. (2007). Tribal knowledge on wild edible plants of Meghalaya, Northeast India. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285631549> Indian J Trad Knowledge. 6. 177-181. ~~~~~ HAJONG ~~~~~ written in: *Bengali-Assamese* (হাজং), Latin ... spoken in: Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal *chunchuni tita* - Dipali Deka (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43377> - Shodhganga ~~~~~ HINDI ~~~~~ written in: *Devanagari* (हिन्दी) ... spoken in: *Delhi*, *Uttar Pradesh*, *Bihar*, *Chhattisgarh*, *Haryana*, *Jharkhand*, *Madhya Pradesh*, Rajasthan, *Uttarakhand* *चुहाई chuhai* - name prevalent in Bihar ... B. Das and P. Saha - A Review on Antidiabetic Potential of Plant Flavonoids in Acanthaceae Family Edible Plants of West Bengal <https://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/a-review-on-antidiabetic-potential-of-plant-flavonoids-in-acanthaceae-family-edible-plants-of-west-bengal.pdf> - Indian J Pharm Sci 2024;86(3):805-817 - the name rendered in native script needs validation *लाल बासक lal basak* - Barnali Gogoi, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti, Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Ashis Kr. Goswami - Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* Nees: A Review <https://www.globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v23-2/31.pdf> - Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 23(2), Nov – Dec 2013; nᵒ 31, 175-179 ~~~~~ JAINTIA ~~~~~ written in: *Roman* ... spoken in: *Meghalaya*, Assam ... exonyms: Jaintia, Synteng; endonym: Pnar *jia merembut* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Kayang, Highland. (2007). Tribal knowledge on wild edible plants of Meghalaya, Northeast India. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285631549> Indian J Trad Knowledge. 6. 177-181. ~~~~~ KARBI ~~~~~ written in: *Roman* ... spoken in: *Arunachal Pradesh*, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland ... other names for this language: Mikir or Arleng *jakan, jaogan, rambha arong* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Flora of Assam <https://archive.org/details/FloraOfAssam3/mode/2up?view=theater> Vol III by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De *tadongmiow* - Dutta, Barnali & Sarma, Jatindra & Borthakur, Sashin. (2016). Diversity and Ethnobotany of the Genus *Phlogacanthus* Nees in Assam, India. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305151474> International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research. 2. 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.25. ~~~~~ KHASI ~~~~~ written in: *Latin* (Khasi alphabet), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: *Meghalaya*, Assam *barsiku, baskabomphang, dieng-soh-ja-buid, dieng-soh-kajut, ja-boit, jathang-heh, soh-ja-jut* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Flora of Assam <https://archive.org/details/FloraOfAssam3/mode/2up?view=theater> Vol III by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De *tadang-kakseu* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Parkash V. 2021. Floristic and ethnic perspective on wild forest plant species of Nongkhyllem Reserve Forest, Nongpoh, Meghalaya, India. <https://smujo.id/aje/article/view/9210> Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 93-105. ~~~~~ KUMAONI ~~~~~ written in: *Devanagari* ... spoken in: *Uttarakhand* *kaldona, kawadoni* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... The Useful Plants of India <https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126090/page/n455/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Phlogacanthus>, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR - the name needs to be rendered in native script ~~~~~ LEPCHA ~~~~~ written in: *Lepcha* (or Róng), Tibetan ... spoken in: *Sikkim*, West Bengal *rheeom* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... The Useful Plants of India <https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126090/page/n455/mode/2up?view=theater&q=Phlogacanthus>, Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR - the name needs to be rendered in native script *sumcher* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3252/mode/2up> - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun - the name needs to be rendered in native script ~~~~~ MANIPURI ~~~~~ written in: *Meiteilon* (ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ), Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: *Manipur* ... other names for this language: Meetei *ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯡꯈꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ নোঙমাঙখা অঙাঙবা nongmangkha angangba* - Flowers of India <https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Flame-Acanthus.html>, retrieved July 09, 2025 ~~~~~ MARING ~~~~~ written in: *Meitei* (ꯃꯔꯤꯡ) ... spoken in: *Manipur* ... spoken by Maring people ... not to be confused with the Maring language of New Guinea *shimrim* - Flowers of India <https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Flame-Acanthus.html>, retrieved July 09, 2025 ~~~~~ MICHI ~~~~~ written in: *Idu Azobra*, recently developed, or Latin ... spoken in: some districts of *Arunachal Pradesh* ... spoken by: Idu Mishmi people ... other names for this language: Idu Mishmi ... considered endangered *bashkah* - for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3252/mode/2up> - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun ~~~~~ MISHING ~~~~~ written in: Assamese, Devanagari, Latin ... spoken in: *Assam*, Arunachal Pradesh ... other names for this language: Mising, Plains Miri *লাল ভাচাক lal-vasak, তিতা ভাচাক tita-vasak* - Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India <https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/home?authuser=0> - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 09 July 2025 ~~~~~ MIZO ~~~~~ written in: *Latin*, Bengali-Assamese ... spoken in: *Mizoram* ... other names for this language: Lushai, Duhlian *kawldai-par-eng* - Flowers of India <https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Red%20Flame-Acanthus.html>, retrieved July 09, 2025 *khumtiangkohha* - Rai, Prabhat. (2011). Ethnomedicinal Plants of India with Special Reference to an Indo-Burma Hotspot Region: An overview. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274832132> Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 9. 379-429. 10.17348/era.9.0.379-420. ~~~~~ NEPALI ~~~~~ written in: *Devanagari* (नेपाली) ... spoken in: *Nepal*, *West Bengal*, *Assam*, *Sikkim* *चुवा chuwaa, तिते tite* - Many thanks to Saroj Kumar Kasaju for help with these names ... efloraofindia <https://groups.google.com/g/indiantreepix/c/DTpqOMv3wXk/m/rYIiD3BaCwAJ> ~~~~~ NYISHI ~~~~~ written in: *Latin* ... spoken in: *Arunachal Pradesh*, Assam ... spoken by the Daffla (or Dafla) tribe, now known as Nyishi tribe ... other names for this language: Nishi, Nisi, Nishang, Nissi, Nyising, Leil, Aya, Akang, Bangni-Bangru, Solung *keralang* - Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India <https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/home?authuser=0> - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 09 July 2025 ~~~~~ RABHA ~~~~~ written in: *Assamese* (ৰাভা), Bengali, English ... spoken in: Assam, Nagaland, West Bengal, Meghalaya *chakkai mekha, khakai par* - Dipali Deka (2007) - Ethno medico botanical study of certain tribes of Goalpara district, Assam <https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/43377> - Shodhganga ~~~~~ TANGKHUL ~~~~~ written in: *Latin*, Meitei (ꯇꯥꯡꯈꯨꯜ) ... spoken in: *Manipur*, Nagaland ... spoken by: Tangkhul people *sipchang* - Sumitra Salam (2013) - Ethnobotanical study of the Tangkhul Naga tribe in Ukhrul district, Manipur state <http://hdl.handle.net/10603/55908> - Shodhganga ~~~~~ TANGSA ~~~~~ written in: *Tangsa*, Latin ... spoken in: *Arunachal Pradesh*, Assam ... other names for this language: Tase and Tase Naga ... spoken by: Tangshang people or Tangsa Naga *phikhip* - Ethnobotanyofnortheastindia (2020 onwards). Database of names of useful plants of north-east India <https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/home?authuser=0> - developed by the members of ethnobotanyofnortheastindia Google-site ... Accessed on 09 July 2025 ~~~~~ DISTRIBUTION in INDIA ~~~~~ Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal - Hassler, Michael (1994 - 2025): World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. <https://www.worldplants.de/world-plants-complete-list/complete-plant-list> Version 25.07; last update July 5th, 2025. Last accessed 09/07/2025 (dd/mm/yyyy). - Assam :: for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Flora of Assam <https://archive.org/details/FloraOfAssam3/mode/2up?view=theater> Vol III by U N Kanjilal, P C Kanjilal, A Das, R N De - Manipur :: Sumitra Salam (2013) - Ethnobotanical study of the Tangkhul Naga tribe in Ukhrul district, Manipur state <http://hdl.handle.net/10603/55908> - Shodhganga - Meghalaya :: for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Kayang, Highland. (2007). Tribal knowledge on wild edible plants of Meghalaya, Northeast India. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285631549> Indian J Trad Knowledge. 6. 177-181. - Mizoram :: Rai, Prabhat. (2011). Ethnomedicinal Plants of India with Special Reference to an Indo-Burma Hotspot Region: An overview. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274832132> Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 9. 379-429. 10.17348/era.9.0.379-420. - Tripura :: Das, Sudipta & Duttachoudhury, Manabendra. (2009). Ethno-Medicobotanical Observations On Some Tribal Communities Of Tripura State. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215469342> Pleione. 3. 89-95. - Uttarakhand :: for *Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus* (Roxb.) Nees ... Shri R L Badhwar and Dr R R Fernandez - Edible Wild Plants of the Himalayas <https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3252/mode/2up> - The Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun ~~~~~ Created on: 12:26 09-07-2025 ¦ Last updated: 15:48 10-07-2025 (DD-MM-YYYY) ~~~~~ Names compiled / updated at https://dineshvalke.blogspot.com/2025/07/phlogacanthus-thyrsiformis-roxb-ex.html Regards. Dinesh -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "eFloraofIndia" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. To view this discussion, visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/indiantreepix/CABSQqC3WWt04R-aAw0_MUGUqDbKd%3DKWQPJRUstM2Si082zfT8w%40mail.gmail.com.
