------------------------------
Citrus week - Part 3 - Setting the challenges
Main cultivated and wild citrus species in India
Each name is to be elaborated on, transcripted and validated by native
speakers. Synonyms in all languages of India will be matched so please
start feeding the beast.
Informed arguments are welcomed
Bolded names are the currently accepted names (based on Tanaka & Mabberley)
It is evident that the new taxonomy introduces extra difficulties when
matching names. This is a very good reason for not discarding the old names
but to keep them as synonyms whether legitimate or not as long as they
carry the authority name(s). "Citrus reticulata var. crenatifolia" for
example can be meaningless if met for the first time out of the blue.
In blue I have given the regions where each type of citrus is grown and
the languages (in parenthesis) which should have names for those citrus,
but this is not exclusive.
Citrus acida Pers. -> Citrus × acida Pers. -> Citrus × aurantifolia
(Christm.)
Swingle
Citrus acida Roxb. -> Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Citrus assamensis S. Dutta & S.C. Bhattach.
Specific common names: Ada-jamir N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali,
Manipuri)
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle -> Citrus × aurantiifolia(Christm.) Swingle
Specific common names: Abhayapuri lime, Karimganj lime, Kagzi lime
Commercial cultivar names: Kagzi lime, Vikram, Pramalini, Sai sarbati,
Baramasi All India
Citrus aurantium Linn. -> Citrus × aurantium L.
Specific common names: Kmrun-jamir, Godh Huntra Herale, Mole Kaipuli All
India
Citrus grandis Osbeck -> *Citrus maxima *(Burm.) Merr.
Specific common names: Dowali, Nowgong Burni, Gagar, Zemabawk Aijal
Commercial cultivar names: Chakotra, Gagar All India
Citrus ichangenis Swingle -> Citrus cavaleriei H. Lév. ex
Cavalerie
Specific common names: Ketsa Shupfu N.E. India (Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus indica Tan.
Specific common names: Indian wild orange N.E. India(Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus jambhiri Lush. -> Citrus × jambhiri Lush.
Specific common names: Soh-myndong, Soh-jhahlia, Kata Jamir, Mithi, Mitha
Tulia, Jambheri Kotangiri, Renuka lemon,
Jatti Khatti, Jullandhuri Khatti, Jambheri Kodur, Khatta Patiala, Jambhiri
Local, Moogu Nimbe All India
Citrus karna Raf. -> Citrus × aurantium L. 'Karna'
Specific common names: Soh-sarkar, Nibu, Karna Khatta, Karna, Karna nimboo
N.E. India & W. India
Citrus latifolia Tan. Acid lime (Large fruits) -> Citrus × latifolia Tanaka
Commercial cultivar names: Kagzi (Tamil)
Citrus latipes (Swingle) Tanaka
Specific common names: Khasi papeda, Soh-kymphorshrich, Soh-Shyrkhoit N.E.
India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus limetta Risso -> Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Limetta'
Specific common names: Italian lime, Mediterranean sweet lemon, Sweet
lemon, Sweet lime, Sweet limetta, Mitha-kagzi N.E. India (Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus limettioides Tan. -> Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Indian Lime'
*Citrus medica* L. var. *limetta *Wight & Arn. (a synonym?)
Specific common names: Indian lime, Sweet lime (India), Mitha nimbu, Sakka
nimbu, Sarbati chikna N.W. India (Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus limon Burm.f. -> Citrus × limon (L.) Burm. f. ? -> Citrus
× limon (L.) Osbeck (Mabberley class.)
Specific common names: Assam lemon, Pati-lebu, Jora-tenga, Naya changney,
Soh-systong, Pani-jamir
Commercial cultivar names: Baramasia, Assam lemon, Gandhraj, Seville,
Nepali Oblong, Nepali lemon, Italian and Eureka N.E. India (Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
"Assam lemon" is not Citrus assamensis as one would expect but Citrus
limon - Please confirm / validate..
Citrus limon var. decumana -> *Citrus maxima *(Burm.) Merr.
Specific common names: Soh-long, Hill lemon, Galgal or Kil-Kil N.E.
India & W. India
Note: This is probably a totally illegitimate name. 2 illegitimate synonyms
are know for this "taxon" *Citrus aurantium* L. var. *decumana* L. and *Citrus
**decumana* L. In any case Citrus × limon 'Galgal' appears to be the
correct name for Galgal. (please confirm / validate)
Citrus limon var limon (citron hybrids) -> Citrus × limon (L.)
Burm. f.
Specific common names: Gandhraj lemon, Godhapti-lebu, Kata-jamuri,
Elachi-lebu
All India
Citrus limonia Osbeck -> Citrus × limonia var. rangpur Osbeck -> Citrus ×
jambhiri Lush. 'Rangpur'
Specific common names: Rangpur lime, Marmalade orange, Kusai lime, Sylhet
lime N.E. India & Central India
Citrus limonum Wall. -> a synonym of Citrus × limonum Risso ? ->
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck ????
Specific common names: Kaghzi lemon, Mahajambiram, Peddanimba, Periya
elumicham, Thorla limbu .
This one I cannot resolve.
Citrus macroptera Mont.
Specific common names: Tith-kara, Sat-kara N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali,
Manipuri)
Sat kora, Xat xora, Hat khora (Sylheti is the *language of Sylhet*,)
(Sylheti: ছিলটী Silôṭi; Bengali: সিলেটী Sileṭī)
Citrus maderaspatana hort. ex Tan. -> Citrus × aurantium L. 'Kitchli'
Specific common names: Kichli,Vadalapudi, Belladikithuli
Commercial cultivar names: Kichli,Vadalapudi, Belladikithuli
South India - Andra Pradesh (Telugu, Urdu)
Citrus madurensis Lour. -> Citrus × microcarpa Bunge
Specific common names: Calamondin N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus decumana L. -> Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck -> *Citrus maxima
*(Burm.)
Merr.
Specific common names: Batavi nebu, Cakotara, Pomelo, Pummelo (US),
Shaddock, Toranji, Asian grapefruit
not to be confused with Grapefruit Citrus × paradisi Macfadyen
Citrus medica L.
Specific common names: Bira-jora, Soh-manong, Mitha-jora, Yemekaipuli,
Citron All India
Citrus medica L. var. limonum (Wight & Arn.) Hook. f. -> Citrus ×
limon (L.) Osbeck (see above)
*Citrus megaloxycarpa* Lush.
Specific common names: Bor-tenga, Hukma-tenga, Holong-tenga, Jamir-tenga,
Amilbed N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus nakoor Singh
Specific common names: Nakoor lemon, Nakoor lime South India
नकूर नीबू Nakūra nībū ???
Citrus nobilis Lour. -> Citrus reticulata Blanco
Specific common names: Jeneru-tenga N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali,
Manipuri)
Citrus paratangerina* *hort. ex Tanaka
(small fruited mandarin) Chota, Laddu, Sylhet Billikichili, Karpura
Tenga, Naga santra, Kodaikithuli, Kokni, Soh-seim
(Citrus reshni Tanaka) *Cleopatra* mandarin is the chota or billi kichili
of India. N.E. India & Parts of India
*Citrus pennivesiculata *(Lush.) Tanaka
Specific common names: Gajanimma, Baduvapulli
Commercial cultivar names: Gajanimma, Baduvapulli South India (Kannada,
Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu)
Citrus pseudolimoni* *Tanaka -> Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Galgal'
Specific common names: Galgal lemon, Hill lemon.
Citrus reticulata Blanco
Specific common names: Nagpur mandarin, Khasi mandarin, Coorg mandarin,
Sohniamtara, Lahore local,
Deshi, Darjeeling
mandarin
Commercial cultivar names: Nagpur mandarin, Khasi mandarin, Coorg mandarin,
Kamala orange, Darjeeling-orange and Kinnow
All India
Citrus reticulata var. crenatifolia -> *Citrus crenatifolia *Lush.
Specific common names: Kaula mandarin N.W. India (Gujarati,
Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus rugulosa hort. ex.Tanaka
Specific common names: Attani small, Indian grapefruit N.W.
India (Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus semiperflorens Tan. -> *Citrus semperflorens *Lush.
Specific common names: Sadaphal Parts of India
Note: there is a Citrus semperflorens Lush known as Sadaphal - Tanaka's
name could be misspelt - .*!
* Citrus sinensis Osbeck -> Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Specific common names: Soh-niangriang
Commercial cultivar names: Malta, Mosambi, Sathgudi and Washington Navel.
All belonging to the:
*Citrus* × *sinensis *(L.) Osbeck (*Sweet-Orange* Group)
Assam Santra, Coorg Santra, Nagpur Santra and Sikkim orange. All belonging
to the:
*Citrus* × *sinensis *(L.) Osbeck (Loose-skinned Orange Group)
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
সাতকরা Sātakarā (Assamese) -> ( *Citrus macroptera* var. *assamensis* )
is this a synonym of *Citrus assamensis *S. Dutta & S. C. Bhattach. ?
a misspelling of *Citrus macroptera *Montrouz. var. *annamensis* Tanaka ?
or a papeda from Assam ?
Compiled mainly from the following sources:
Bhattacharya & Dutta 1956; Singh 1977; Singh & Chadha 1993. In H.P. Singh's
Genetic Diversity, Breeding and Utilization of Citrus Fruits. PART III: PGR
Conservation and Use - Germplasm introduction, exchange, evaluation,
improvement, conservation and utilization. Tropical Fruits in Asia -
Diversity, Maintenance, Conservation and Use. IPGRI* *. <
http://www2.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/510/ch06.htm>.
Jorma Koskinen, 2006 - 2011, Citrus Pages. <
http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/botindex.html >.
Porcher H. Michel, 2007 - 2011, Sorting Citrus names, M.M.P.N.D. <
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Citrus.html >.
The major stumbling block is that the languages have to be guessed, and
given the unreliability of transliterations it is extremely difficult to
convert those names into correctly spelt words in their original scripts.
So one has to rely on other references in order to find both scripted names
and their romanised forms, and hope that some will match the above
mentioned names.
That dear readers should keep us busy not just during Citrus week but for
the coming months.
Informed arguments are welcomed
Thank you.
On Saturday, May 5, 2012 7:14:47 AM UTC+10, OZmic wrote:
>
> Welcome to Citrus week.
> I have been asked to coordinate this discussion but felt a little out of
> my depth.
> Dr. Gurcharan Singh having agreed to supervise the proceedings I feel a
> little more relax. However mostly I will lead the exchanges related to
> nomenclature. Here I feel in my element. As an introduction to the topic of
> Citrus let me say that I truely believe that our discussion group has the
> potential to sort most of the nomenclatural confusion in regards to Citrus
> names in India. It will certainly take more than a week though.
> I have received messages telling me that people do not feel they can
> contribute because they are not experts. Everyone knows at least one
> language, that means one has the capacity to check facts using references.
> "Experts are people who know more and more about less and less". The two
> complement each other, so let's all work hard together.
> Here are selected references related to Citrus that will provide much
> basic & advanced information.
>
> Background material available online.
> Wikipedia's Cultivated plant taxonomy <
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy >.
> Wikipedia's Page on the 2009 ICNCP Code online <
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants>.
> Brickell, C.D. et al. (eds) (2009). "International Code of Nomenclature
> for Cultivated Plants" <http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf>.
> *Scripta
> Horticulturae* (International Society of Horticultural Science) *10*:
> 1–184. ISBN<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number>
>
> 978-0-643-09440-6<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09440-6>
> .
> < http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf >.
>
> Referential material available online.
> Jorma Koskinen's Citrus Pages: <
> http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/botindex.html >. Each taxon illustrated
> and botanically identified.
> Robert Willard Hodgson's Horticultural Varieties of Citrus Chapter 4 of
> The Citrus Industry: < http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html>.
> Often
> off line but keep trying. Lots of info about Indian cultivars.
> My cross-index of Citrus names: <
> http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Citrus.html > complements
> Jorma's botanical pages.
> My pages Malayalam index <
> http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Malayalam-index-new.html >.
> Tamil index and Notes pages <
> http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Tamil_index_new.html > & <
> http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Notes_Indian_names.html >.
> The "specific and complementary" references listed at the bottom of these
> pages will either serve many Indian names, most in romanised form or
> provide facilities to translate, transcribe or transliterate those names.
> Of course this does not exclude your favourite reference books.
> Now we are equiped to do the hard work.
> ....more coming
>
