Thanks for the interesting information. I was surprised to know that *Corchorus olitorius* is Jute. This plant is common in Maharashtra also. Why then Jute fiber is not produced elsewhere than Bengal? Dr Satish Phadke
On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 9:13 PM, surajit koley <[email protected] > wrote: > Thank you very much Balkar Sir. > > Regards, > > surajit > > > On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 8:59 PM, Balkar Singh <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Nice Share Surajit Ji >> >> On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 8:56 PM, surajit koley (Google Drive) < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> [image: Document] I've shared Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of >>> Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> >>> Click to open: >>> >>> - Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of >>> Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> >>> >>> >>> The Golden Fibre of Bengal >>> >>> Internet tells you half the story, mostly put forward by semi-literate >>> persons (me too), for i searched ‘The golden fibre of >>> Bengal<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bengal>’, >>> and i get “Golden Fibre of >>> Bangladesh<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History>”. >>> In future, say, 50 yrs. from now, an average reader may not be aware of the >>> fact that what has been termed as “The Golden Fibre of Bangladesh” was >>> actually a native fibre grown and extensively used in Bengal >>> Province<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidency> >>> . >>> >>> What you will find in the net :- >>> >>> History :- >>> >>> 1. Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white >>> jute from ancient times for household and other uses. - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#White_jute_.28Corchorus_capsularis.29 >>> 2. During Mughal era in India, jute clothes were worn by the poor >>> villagers. Earlier in West Bengal, ropes and twines used for different >>> domestic household applications are made of white jute. Apart from >>> textile >>> application, Chinese paper manufacturers used jute plants to abstract >>> paper. - http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >>> 3. In 1793, the Bengal Board of Trade sent a Jute fibre sample to >>> the United Kingdom strictly for experimentation related to mechanical >>> processing. The breakthrough came in 1833, when Jute fibre was spun >>> mechanically in Dundee, Scotland. - >>> >>> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >>> 4. Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s, >>> set up the first jute mills in Bengal.- >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History >>> 5. The first Indian Jute mill was constructed in 1855 at Calcutta >>> (Currently spelled Kolkata), which was the capital of the Bengal Province >>> in British India. - >>> >>> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >>> 6. Mr. George Acland had brought jute spinning machinery from Dundee >>> to India, the first power driven weaving factory was established at >>> Rishra <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishra>, on the River Hooghly >>> near Calcutta in year 1855. - >>> http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >>> 7. By the year 1869, five mills were established with around 950 >>> looms. The growth was so fast that, by the year 1910, 38 companies were >>> operating around 30,685 looms, rendering more than a billion yards of >>> cloth >>> and over 450 million bags. - >>> http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >>> 8. By the early 1900s the Calcutta Jute industry surpassed the >>> European Jute industry. - >>> >>> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >>> 9. In India 4000,000 families are involved in the cultivation of raw >>> jute. There are 76 jute mills in India and nearly 1,37,679(Oct.2001) >>> people are employed in these mills. Several thousand other people are >>> engaged in several jute related diversified goods. - >>> http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html >>> >>> Botanical Aspect :- >>> >>> >>> 1. Jute (Corchorus >>> capsularis<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013575> >>> & >>> Corchorus >>> olitorius<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013576>), >>> Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Roselle (H. sabdariffa var. altissima) >>> are vegetable bast fibre plants next to cotton in importance. In the >>> trade >>> there are usually two names of jute, White and Tossa. Corchorus >>> capsularis is called White Jute and Corchorus olitorius is called >>> Tossa Jute. In India & Bangladesh Roselle is usually called Mesta. Jute >>> fibres are finer and stronger than Mesta and are, therefore, better in >>> quality. - http://www.jute.org/plant.htm >>> 2. Kenaf known as Mesta or Ambari (species Hibiscus Cannabinus) is >>> also considered as a variety of Jute. It is cultivated in Indian >>> sub-continent, Thailand, China and Africa. The two main types of jute, >>> white jute (Corchorus capsularis)and dark jute or tossa (Corchorus >>> olitorius) are grown in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, south >>> Asian countries and Brazil. - >>> http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html >>> >>> What you may not find in the net :- >>> >>> 1. PATTAVASTRA, main fabrics of Ancient India was produced from Jute >>> fibres - >>> >>> http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/608/1/IJTK%207(1)%20(2008)%20204-207.pdf<http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/608/1/IJTK%207%281%29%20%282008%29%20204-207.pdf> >>> >>> >>> 1. Leaves of Jute plant is used as SHAAK (SHAG) or leafy vegetable >>> and, though not delicious, you can try it for a change in taste buds. >>> 2. Jute fibres are used to make Puja Pandals and idols >>> 3. Fibres were also used to make dolls >>> 4. Dry stems are called PAAT-KAATHI or PANKAATHI in Bengali, is used >>> as fuel. It is essential to grow PAAN or Betel Leaf (Piper >>> betle<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel> >>> L. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel>). A room, which is called >>> PAAN BORUJ, is erected by covering a rectangle land with PANKAATHI fence. >>> (forget whatever wiki says - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel#Cultivation) >>> 5. Dry stems are also essential to produce fireworks - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(firework) you burn in DIWALI >>> 6. When i was a kid i learned my first smoking lesson by lighting a >>> small piece of dry Jute stem, ...so did my friends! >>> >>> More reading :- >>> >>> 1. Golden era with rare photographs - >>> >>> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >>> 2. Jute traders - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute_trade#East_India_Company >>> 3. Ecological aspect - http://www.jute.org/ecology.htm >>> 4. Features of Jute fibre - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#Features >>> 5. Economic impact - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)#Economic_impact >>> 6. Hooghly District - >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooghly_district#Economy >>> 7. Jute cultivation - http://agroeducation.com/home/2012/06/29/jute/ >>> 8. Recent Article - >>> http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/fall-golden-fibre >>> >>> Trivia :- >>> >>> 1. species - Corchorus sp. >>> 2. Bengali name : PAAT >>> 3. Habit & Habitat : water intensive cultivated herb >>> 4. photographed at Balarambati (Hooghly) & Gobra (Hooghly) on >>> 23/8/12 & 25/8/12 >>> >>> Thank you and Regards, >>> >>> surajit / 02nd Sept., 2012 >>> >>> Google Drive: create, share and keep all of your stuff in one place. >>> [image: Logo for Google Drive] <https://drive.google.com> >>> >>> -- >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> Regards >> >> Dr Balkar Singh >> Head, Deptt. of Botany and Biotechnology >> Arya P G College, Panipat >> Haryana-132103 >> 09416262964 >> > > -- > > > > --
