A reply: "Dear allDr Fraser Jenkin's comment has made the topic interesting. He has refered to work of Masuyama of Japan. I furnish below some of the differences between the two species pointed out by Masuyama. I think it is worth comparing the plant with the characteristics pointed out here. C ERATOPTERIS Brongniart, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 3, 8: 186. 1821[1822 per ING].
水蕨属 shui jue shu Lin Youxing (林尤兴); Shigeo Masuyama *Parkeria* Hooker. Ferns annual, juicy, aquatic. Rhizome erect, short, with thick roots, dictyostele, with scales at apex; scales broadly ovate or cordate to peltate, entire, thin, brownish hyaline. Fronds clustered, dimorphic; stipe green, ± expanded, semicylindrical, fleshy, smooth, with sparse scales, with many longitudinal ridges on surface and many small vascular bundles inside. Sterile lamina green, ovate- to lanceolate-triangular, thinly herbaceous, simple or pinnate; ultimate lobe broadly lanceolate or loriform, entire, acute at apex; veins anastomosing; gemma occasionally formed in axil of pinnae, brownish, small, ovate, resulting in juveniles through asexual propagation. Fertile lamina similar in morphology to sterile lamina but normally taller, divided more deeply and finely; ultimate lobe reflexed toward costa to enclose sori, green when young and brownish when old, linear to siliquiform; rachis green, with longitudinal ridges, deplanate when dry. Sori attached along costa, narrowly linear, covered with reflexed margin of lobe. Sporangium large, subsessile; annulus broad, vertical, consisting of 0–70 incrassate cells; trilete mark obvious or not. Spores 16 or 32 per sporangium, large, tetrahedral, trilete, with fine, parallel ridgelike ornamentations. *x* = 13(39). Four to seven species: tropics and subtropics; two species in China. In China, the rhizomes and fronds are used medicinally for treating fetal toxins and phlegm buildup. The young fronds are used as a vegetable. 1a. Plants rooting in silt; sterile frond varied in form, pinnate to 3-pinnate, tall or short depending on environment; stipe 3–30 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., base unexpanded; fertile fronds taller than sterile ones, lamina oblong or ovate-triangular ............................................................... 1. *C. thalictroides* 1b. Plants usually floating; sterile frond simple to pinnatifid to pinnate, broadly triangular; stipe 5–8 cm, 1–3 cm in diam., base much expanded; fertile fronds not taller than sterile ones, lamina broadly triangular 2. *C. pteridoides*1. Ceratopteris thalictroides (Linnaeus) Brongniart, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 3, 8: 186. 1821. 水蕨 shui jue *Acrostichum thalictroides* Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1070. 1753; *A. siliquosum* Linnaeus; *Ceratopteris siliquosa* (Linnaeus) Copeland; *Ellobocarpus oleraceus* Kaulfuss; *Furcaria thalictroides* (Linnaeus) Desvaux;*Pteris siliquosa* (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois; *P. thalictroides* (Linnaeus) Swartz (1800), not Muhlenberg (1793); *Teleozoma thalictroides* (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex H. Richards. Plants green, 5–70 cm tall, juicy and soft. Rhizome erect, short. Fronds clustered and dimorphic. Sterile fronds: stipe green, semicylindrical, 3–30 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam. or less, fleshy, not expanded, sparsely scaly; lamina erect or floating when young, ovate to lanceolate, 6–30 × 3–15 cm, base rounded-cuneate, apex acuminate, 2–4-pinnate; pinnae 5–8 pairs, alternate; lower 1 or 2 pairs larger, ovate to oblong, up to 10(–35) × 7 cm, base subrounded to subtruncate, apex acute to acuminate, 1–3-pinnate; pinnules 2–5 pairs, alternate, stalk short and with narrow wings on both sides, blade broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, up to 4 × 3 cm, deeply divided, base rounded-truncate, apex obtuse to acuminate; ultimate lobe linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, up to 2 × 0.5 cm, entire, base decurrent along rachis forming broad wing, apex obtuse to acute; upper pair of pinnae similar in shape to basal pair of pinnae but gradually smaller. Fertile fronds: stipe same as in sterile fronds; lamina oblong or ovate-triangular, 15–40 × 10–22 cm, base rounded-cuneate or rounded-truncate, 2- or 3-pinnate, apex acuminate; pinna 3–8 pairs, alternate, lower 1 or 2 pairs of pinnae larger, ovate or narrowly triangular, up to 14 × 6 cm, stalked; ultimate lobe linear to siliquiform, 1–4 × ca. 0.2 cm, margin thin, strongly reflexed toward costa, like false indusium, apex acuminate. Veins anastomosing. Lamina softly herbaceous, green when young and brownish when old, glabrous; rachis and costa same color as stipe, smooth. Sporangia attached to veinlets on both sides of main vein, covered with reflexed margin of lobe, brown, with 30–70 annulus cells, with 32 spores inside. Spores tetrahedral, more than 100 μm in diam., with granulate perine and thick exine forming rich parallel ridges on surface. 2*n* = 154, 156 (tetraploid). Ponds, ditches, rice fields, taro patches, usually rooting. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Madagascar, Pacific islands, West Indies].2. Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hooker) Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 561. 1905 [*“pteroides”*]. 粗梗水蕨 cu geng shui jue *Parkeria pteridoides* Hooker, Exot. Fl. 2: t. 147. 1825; *Ceratopteris parkeria* J. Smith. Plants usually floating, 20–30 cm tall. Stipe, rachis, and costa of lower pinnae all obviously expanded toward base, base of stipe narrowly cuneate, covered with roots. Fronds dimorphic. Sterile fronds green, smooth; stipe semicylindrical, 5–8 cm, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; lamina ovate-triangular, simple and deeply divided, sometimes opposite-pinnate; lobes triangular to broadly loriform. Fertile fronds green when young and brownish when old, smooth; stipe 5–8 cm, 1–3 cm in diam.; lamina broadly triangular, 15–25 cm, 2–4-pinnate; ultimate lobe linear or siliquiform, 2–6 × ca. 0.2 cm, margin thin, strongly reflexed toward main vein to cover sori, apex acuminate. Sporangia attached to veinlets on both sides of main vein, covered with reflexed margin of lobe, brown, with 0–40 annulus cells, with 32 spores inside. Spore tetrahedral, below 100 μm in diam., with few parallel ridges. 2*n* = 78 (diploid). Marshes, ponds, ditches, usually floating on water. Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong [Bangladesh, India, Vietnam; Central, North, and South America] Regards Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharya, *Associate Professor,* *Department of Botany and Biotechnology, * *Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam* " On 30 October 2012 18:08, jmgarg1 <[email protected]> wrote: > A reply: > "Actually it isn't really thalictroides - only in a very broad sense if > one recognises only one species. But a check of Lloyd's monograph and the > fine new work by Masuyama in Japan reveals more to it than that. This > particular photo is very characteristic of pteridioides. > Cheers, > Chris. " > > On 29 October 2012 19:42, jmgarg1 <[email protected]> wrote: > >> A reply: >> "Ceratopteris thallictroides >> >> ** Mrinal Kanti Bhattacharya, >> *Associate Professor,* >> *Department of Botany and Biotechnology, * >> *Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam"* >> >> On 29 October 2012 17:43, jmgarg1 <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Forwarding again for Id confirmation or otherwise please. >>> >>> >>> ---------- Forwarded message ---------- >>> From: N Arun <[email protected]> >>> Date: 22 October 2012 17:29 >>> Subject: [efloraofindia:135893] Ceratopteris sp. >>> To: [email protected] >>> >>> >>> An exclusively aquatic fern. >>> >>> taken at Lalbagh,Oct 22 >>> <https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-TTeEcm3IK2c/UIU0NHpHnuI/AAAAAAAAARc/noeDqA4tfzM/s1600/IMG_3664.JPG> >>> >>> >>> <https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-jScAh1bnh0c/UIUzzMLpAQI/AAAAAAAAARU/Ucr6AmUm5d4/s1600/IMG_3663.JPG> >>> >>> -- >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> With regards, >>> J.M.Garg >>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1 >>> 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna' >>> The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a *thousand species*& >>> eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged >>> alphabetically & place-wise): >>> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use >>> them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image. >>> For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian >>> Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group: >>> http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1980 members >>> & 1,33,000 messages on 30/9/12) or Efloraofindia website: >>> https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database >>> of more than 7500 species). >>> Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of >>> India'. >>> >>> >> >> >> -- >> With regards, >> J.M.Garg >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1 >> 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna' >> The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a *thousand species*& >> eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged >> alphabetically & place-wise): >> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use >> them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image. >> For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, >> please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group: >> http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1980 members & >> 1,33,000 messages on 30/9/12) or Efloraofindia website: >> https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database >> of more than 7500 species). >> Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of >> India'. >> >> > > > -- > With regards, > J.M.Garg > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1 > 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna' > The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a *thousand species*& > eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged > alphabetically & place-wise): > http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use > them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image. > For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, > please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group: > http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1980 members & > 1,33,000 messages on 30/9/12) or Efloraofindia website: > https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database > of more than 7500 species). > Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of > India'. > > -- With regards, J.M.Garg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jmgarg1 'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna' The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a *thousand species* & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise): http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image. For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group: http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1980 members & 1,33,000 messages on 30/9/12) or Efloraofindia website: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (with a species database of more than 7500 species). Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'. --
